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Acute Cold Water-Immersion Restraint Stress Induces Intestinal Injury and Reduces the Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Mice
Growing evidence has demonstrated that stress triggers gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. This study aimed to investigate how the acute cold water-immersion restraint (CWIR) stress affects intestinal injury and gut microbiota (GM) distribution. Male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a CWIR animal mo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8551804/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34722327 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.706849 |
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author | Zhang, Yuan Wu, Shuwen Liu, Yongming Ma, Jingchang Li, Wenpeng Xu, Xuexue Wang, Yuling Luo, Yanling Cheng, Kun Zhuang, Ran |
author_facet | Zhang, Yuan Wu, Shuwen Liu, Yongming Ma, Jingchang Li, Wenpeng Xu, Xuexue Wang, Yuling Luo, Yanling Cheng, Kun Zhuang, Ran |
author_sort | Zhang, Yuan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Growing evidence has demonstrated that stress triggers gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. This study aimed to investigate how the acute cold water-immersion restraint (CWIR) stress affects intestinal injury and gut microbiota (GM) distribution. Male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a CWIR animal model. Hematoxylin–eosin and periodic acid–Schiff staining were performed to assess intestinal histopathological changes. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and immune cell infiltration in the intestinal tissues. The gut permeability and intestinal occludin protein expression were determined through fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran detection and western blot, respectively. GM profiles were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of the fecal bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results showed that CWIR induced more severe intestinal mucosal injury compared to the control, leading to a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-α expression, but no infiltration of neutrophil and T cells. CWIR also resulted in GI disruption and increased the permeability of the intestinal mucosa. GM profiles showed that CWIR reduced GM diversity of mice compared with the control group. Specifically, aerobic and gram-negative bacteria significantly increased after CWIR, which was associated with the severity of gut injury under stress. Therefore, acute CWIR leads to severe intestinal damage with inflammation and disrupts the GM homeostasis, contributing to decreased GM diversity. Our findings provide the theoretical basis for the further treatment of intestinal disorders induced by CWIR. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8551804 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85518042021-10-29 Acute Cold Water-Immersion Restraint Stress Induces Intestinal Injury and Reduces the Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Mice Zhang, Yuan Wu, Shuwen Liu, Yongming Ma, Jingchang Li, Wenpeng Xu, Xuexue Wang, Yuling Luo, Yanling Cheng, Kun Zhuang, Ran Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Growing evidence has demonstrated that stress triggers gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. This study aimed to investigate how the acute cold water-immersion restraint (CWIR) stress affects intestinal injury and gut microbiota (GM) distribution. Male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a CWIR animal model. Hematoxylin–eosin and periodic acid–Schiff staining were performed to assess intestinal histopathological changes. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and immune cell infiltration in the intestinal tissues. The gut permeability and intestinal occludin protein expression were determined through fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran detection and western blot, respectively. GM profiles were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of the fecal bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results showed that CWIR induced more severe intestinal mucosal injury compared to the control, leading to a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-α expression, but no infiltration of neutrophil and T cells. CWIR also resulted in GI disruption and increased the permeability of the intestinal mucosa. GM profiles showed that CWIR reduced GM diversity of mice compared with the control group. Specifically, aerobic and gram-negative bacteria significantly increased after CWIR, which was associated with the severity of gut injury under stress. Therefore, acute CWIR leads to severe intestinal damage with inflammation and disrupts the GM homeostasis, contributing to decreased GM diversity. Our findings provide the theoretical basis for the further treatment of intestinal disorders induced by CWIR. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8551804/ /pubmed/34722327 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.706849 Text en Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Wu, Liu, Ma, Li, Xu, Wang, Luo, Cheng and Zhuang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cellular and Infection Microbiology Zhang, Yuan Wu, Shuwen Liu, Yongming Ma, Jingchang Li, Wenpeng Xu, Xuexue Wang, Yuling Luo, Yanling Cheng, Kun Zhuang, Ran Acute Cold Water-Immersion Restraint Stress Induces Intestinal Injury and Reduces the Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Mice |
title | Acute Cold Water-Immersion Restraint Stress Induces Intestinal Injury and Reduces the Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Mice |
title_full | Acute Cold Water-Immersion Restraint Stress Induces Intestinal Injury and Reduces the Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Mice |
title_fullStr | Acute Cold Water-Immersion Restraint Stress Induces Intestinal Injury and Reduces the Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Acute Cold Water-Immersion Restraint Stress Induces Intestinal Injury and Reduces the Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Mice |
title_short | Acute Cold Water-Immersion Restraint Stress Induces Intestinal Injury and Reduces the Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Mice |
title_sort | acute cold water-immersion restraint stress induces intestinal injury and reduces the diversity of gut microbiota in mice |
topic | Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8551804/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34722327 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.706849 |
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