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Endothelial Injury in Diving: Atomic Force-, Electronic-, and Light-Microscopy Study of the Ovine Decompressed Blood Vessels

We suggested that the nanobubbles, which appear at the active hydrophobic spots (AHSs) at the luminal aspect of the blood vessels, are the gas micronuclei from which the decompression bubbles evolve and the endothelial injury during the decompression is due to the tearing off the cell membranes with...

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Autor principal: Arieli, Ran
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8554307/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34721086
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.767435
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author Arieli, Ran
author_facet Arieli, Ran
author_sort Arieli, Ran
collection PubMed
description We suggested that the nanobubbles, which appear at the active hydrophobic spots (AHSs) at the luminal aspect of the blood vessels, are the gas micronuclei from which the decompression bubbles evolve and the endothelial injury during the decompression is due to the tearing off the cell membranes with the detaching bubbles. Ovine blood vessels were stretched over the polycarbonate plates or glass microscopic slides and were exposed under saline to the hyperbaric pressure (1,013 kPa, 19 h). Following decompression, the blood vessels were photographed for the identification (by bubble formation) of the AHS. Nanobubbles could not be demonstrated at the AHS by using the atomic force microscopy (AFM) because of the roughness of the surface, which disabled the close contact of the probe. In the electron microscopy, no endothelial cells were observed in the samples from the area near to the AHS, but the underlying elastin layer of the intima was observed adjacent to the media. Some intact endothelial cells were observed only in the locations far from an AHS. In the optical microscopy, no endothelial cells were observed in the blood vessels in close proximity to the AHS and in some sections, debris or a detached cluster of the endothelial cells were observed. Intact endothelial cells could be found at the sites distant from an AHS. This study supports the assumption, where the detached bubbles tear off the endothelial cells and cause the initial endothelial injury following the decompression.
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spelling pubmed-85543072021-10-30 Endothelial Injury in Diving: Atomic Force-, Electronic-, and Light-Microscopy Study of the Ovine Decompressed Blood Vessels Arieli, Ran Front Physiol Physiology We suggested that the nanobubbles, which appear at the active hydrophobic spots (AHSs) at the luminal aspect of the blood vessels, are the gas micronuclei from which the decompression bubbles evolve and the endothelial injury during the decompression is due to the tearing off the cell membranes with the detaching bubbles. Ovine blood vessels were stretched over the polycarbonate plates or glass microscopic slides and were exposed under saline to the hyperbaric pressure (1,013 kPa, 19 h). Following decompression, the blood vessels were photographed for the identification (by bubble formation) of the AHS. Nanobubbles could not be demonstrated at the AHS by using the atomic force microscopy (AFM) because of the roughness of the surface, which disabled the close contact of the probe. In the electron microscopy, no endothelial cells were observed in the samples from the area near to the AHS, but the underlying elastin layer of the intima was observed adjacent to the media. Some intact endothelial cells were observed only in the locations far from an AHS. In the optical microscopy, no endothelial cells were observed in the blood vessels in close proximity to the AHS and in some sections, debris or a detached cluster of the endothelial cells were observed. Intact endothelial cells could be found at the sites distant from an AHS. This study supports the assumption, where the detached bubbles tear off the endothelial cells and cause the initial endothelial injury following the decompression. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8554307/ /pubmed/34721086 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.767435 Text en Copyright © 2021 Arieli. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Arieli, Ran
Endothelial Injury in Diving: Atomic Force-, Electronic-, and Light-Microscopy Study of the Ovine Decompressed Blood Vessels
title Endothelial Injury in Diving: Atomic Force-, Electronic-, and Light-Microscopy Study of the Ovine Decompressed Blood Vessels
title_full Endothelial Injury in Diving: Atomic Force-, Electronic-, and Light-Microscopy Study of the Ovine Decompressed Blood Vessels
title_fullStr Endothelial Injury in Diving: Atomic Force-, Electronic-, and Light-Microscopy Study of the Ovine Decompressed Blood Vessels
title_full_unstemmed Endothelial Injury in Diving: Atomic Force-, Electronic-, and Light-Microscopy Study of the Ovine Decompressed Blood Vessels
title_short Endothelial Injury in Diving: Atomic Force-, Electronic-, and Light-Microscopy Study of the Ovine Decompressed Blood Vessels
title_sort endothelial injury in diving: atomic force-, electronic-, and light-microscopy study of the ovine decompressed blood vessels
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8554307/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34721086
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.767435
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