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In Vitro Transformation of Protopanaxadiol Saponins in Human Intestinal Flora and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora
Protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides are the main ginsenosides in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) with potential therapeutic effects on diseases related to intestinal flora imbalance. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro metabolism of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides in human intestinal f...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Hindawi
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8556111/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34721619 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1735803 |
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author | Zhang, Meiyu Wang, Yizhu Wu, Yongxi Li, Fangtong Han, Mingxin Dai, Yulin Zheng, Fei Yue, Hao |
author_facet | Zhang, Meiyu Wang, Yizhu Wu, Yongxi Li, Fangtong Han, Mingxin Dai, Yulin Zheng, Fei Yue, Hao |
author_sort | Zhang, Meiyu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides are the main ginsenosides in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) with potential therapeutic effects on diseases related to intestinal flora imbalance. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro metabolism of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides in human intestinal flora and their effect on the flora. Rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF MS) was utilised for the transformation of ginsenoside constituents for sample identification. Using 16S rDNA gene sequencing technique, the effect of PPD-type ginsenosides on gut microflora was analysed based on the indices of microflora diversity and gut microflora. The sample was transformed for 6 h, and the metabolites were ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, CO, Gyp-IX, Gyp-XVII, CMc-1, F2, Rg3, CK, Rh2, and PPD. The metabolites were CK, Rh2, and PPD when the samples were transformed for 60 h. The intestinal microflora were subjected to high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq 2500 sequencing platform. In comparison with the faecal sample from the blank group, the protopanaxadiol saponin group significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and significantly decreased Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria at the phylum level, whereas it significantly increased the relative abundance of Prevotella_9, Faecalibacterium, and Dialister and significantly decreased Escherichia-Shigella, Dorea, and Lachnoclostridium at the genus level. This study provides a basis for the determination of the pharmacodynamic material basis and pharmacodynamic targets of PPD-type ginsenosides based on the intestinal flora. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8556111 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85561112021-10-30 In Vitro Transformation of Protopanaxadiol Saponins in Human Intestinal Flora and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora Zhang, Meiyu Wang, Yizhu Wu, Yongxi Li, Fangtong Han, Mingxin Dai, Yulin Zheng, Fei Yue, Hao Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Research Article Protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides are the main ginsenosides in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) with potential therapeutic effects on diseases related to intestinal flora imbalance. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro metabolism of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides in human intestinal flora and their effect on the flora. Rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF MS) was utilised for the transformation of ginsenoside constituents for sample identification. Using 16S rDNA gene sequencing technique, the effect of PPD-type ginsenosides on gut microflora was analysed based on the indices of microflora diversity and gut microflora. The sample was transformed for 6 h, and the metabolites were ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, CO, Gyp-IX, Gyp-XVII, CMc-1, F2, Rg3, CK, Rh2, and PPD. The metabolites were CK, Rh2, and PPD when the samples were transformed for 60 h. The intestinal microflora were subjected to high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq 2500 sequencing platform. In comparison with the faecal sample from the blank group, the protopanaxadiol saponin group significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and significantly decreased Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria at the phylum level, whereas it significantly increased the relative abundance of Prevotella_9, Faecalibacterium, and Dialister and significantly decreased Escherichia-Shigella, Dorea, and Lachnoclostridium at the genus level. This study provides a basis for the determination of the pharmacodynamic material basis and pharmacodynamic targets of PPD-type ginsenosides based on the intestinal flora. Hindawi 2021-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8556111/ /pubmed/34721619 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1735803 Text en Copyright © 2021 Meiyu Zhang et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zhang, Meiyu Wang, Yizhu Wu, Yongxi Li, Fangtong Han, Mingxin Dai, Yulin Zheng, Fei Yue, Hao In Vitro Transformation of Protopanaxadiol Saponins in Human Intestinal Flora and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora |
title |
In Vitro Transformation of Protopanaxadiol Saponins in Human Intestinal Flora and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora |
title_full |
In Vitro Transformation of Protopanaxadiol Saponins in Human Intestinal Flora and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora |
title_fullStr |
In Vitro Transformation of Protopanaxadiol Saponins in Human Intestinal Flora and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora |
title_full_unstemmed |
In Vitro Transformation of Protopanaxadiol Saponins in Human Intestinal Flora and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora |
title_short |
In Vitro Transformation of Protopanaxadiol Saponins in Human Intestinal Flora and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora |
title_sort | in vitro transformation of protopanaxadiol saponins in human intestinal flora and its effect on intestinal flora |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8556111/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34721619 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1735803 |
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