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Regulation of pancreatic exocrine in ruminants and the related mechanism: The signal transduction and more
The unique structure of the stomach, including the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, indicates the differences between the ruminant and monogastric animals in the digestion of nutrients. This difference is reflected in the majority of dietary nutrients that may be fermented in the rumen. Signi...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
KeAi Publishing
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8556483/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34754956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.004 |
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author | Guo, Long Yao, Junhu Cao, Yangchun |
author_facet | Guo, Long Yao, Junhu Cao, Yangchun |
author_sort | Guo, Long |
collection | PubMed |
description | The unique structure of the stomach, including the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, indicates the differences between the ruminant and monogastric animals in the digestion of nutrients. This difference is reflected in the majority of dietary nutrients that may be fermented in the rumen. Significant proteins and a certain amount of starch can flow to the small intestine apart from rumen. The initial phase of small intestinal digestion requires pancreatic digestive enzymes. In theory, the enzymatic digestion and utilization efficiency of starch in the small intestine are considerably higher than that in the rumen, but the starch digestibility in the small intestine is quite low in ruminants. Therefore, improving the digestion of nutrients, especially starch in the small intestine is more urgent for high-yield ruminants. Although the pancreas plays a central role in nutrient digestion, the progress of research investigating pancreatic exocrine regulation in the ruminant is slow due to some factors, such as the complex structure of the pancreas, the selection of experimental model and duration, and internal (hormones or ages) and external (diet) influences. The present review is based on the research findings of pancreatic exocrine regulation of dairy animals and expounded from the physiological structure of the ruminant pancreas, the factors affecting the digestion and exocrine processing of carbohydrates, and the regulatory mechanism governing this process. The review aims to better understand the characteristics of enzymatic digestion, thereby advancing pancreatic exocrine research and improving the digestion and utilization of nutrients in ruminants. Additionally, this review provides the theoretical basis for improving nutrient utilization efficiency, reducing wastage of feed resources, and promoting the efficient development of the dairy industry. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8556483 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | KeAi Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85564832021-11-08 Regulation of pancreatic exocrine in ruminants and the related mechanism: The signal transduction and more Guo, Long Yao, Junhu Cao, Yangchun Anim Nutr Review Article The unique structure of the stomach, including the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, indicates the differences between the ruminant and monogastric animals in the digestion of nutrients. This difference is reflected in the majority of dietary nutrients that may be fermented in the rumen. Significant proteins and a certain amount of starch can flow to the small intestine apart from rumen. The initial phase of small intestinal digestion requires pancreatic digestive enzymes. In theory, the enzymatic digestion and utilization efficiency of starch in the small intestine are considerably higher than that in the rumen, but the starch digestibility in the small intestine is quite low in ruminants. Therefore, improving the digestion of nutrients, especially starch in the small intestine is more urgent for high-yield ruminants. Although the pancreas plays a central role in nutrient digestion, the progress of research investigating pancreatic exocrine regulation in the ruminant is slow due to some factors, such as the complex structure of the pancreas, the selection of experimental model and duration, and internal (hormones or ages) and external (diet) influences. The present review is based on the research findings of pancreatic exocrine regulation of dairy animals and expounded from the physiological structure of the ruminant pancreas, the factors affecting the digestion and exocrine processing of carbohydrates, and the regulatory mechanism governing this process. The review aims to better understand the characteristics of enzymatic digestion, thereby advancing pancreatic exocrine research and improving the digestion and utilization of nutrients in ruminants. Additionally, this review provides the theoretical basis for improving nutrient utilization efficiency, reducing wastage of feed resources, and promoting the efficient development of the dairy industry. KeAi Publishing 2021-12 2021-10-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8556483/ /pubmed/34754956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.004 Text en © 2021 Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Article Guo, Long Yao, Junhu Cao, Yangchun Regulation of pancreatic exocrine in ruminants and the related mechanism: The signal transduction and more |
title | Regulation of pancreatic exocrine in ruminants and the related mechanism: The signal transduction and more |
title_full | Regulation of pancreatic exocrine in ruminants and the related mechanism: The signal transduction and more |
title_fullStr | Regulation of pancreatic exocrine in ruminants and the related mechanism: The signal transduction and more |
title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of pancreatic exocrine in ruminants and the related mechanism: The signal transduction and more |
title_short | Regulation of pancreatic exocrine in ruminants and the related mechanism: The signal transduction and more |
title_sort | regulation of pancreatic exocrine in ruminants and the related mechanism: the signal transduction and more |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8556483/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34754956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.004 |
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