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Two Reference-Quality Sea Snake Genomes Reveal Their Divergent Evolution of Adaptive Traits and Venom Systems
True sea snakes (Hydrophiini) are among the last and most successful clades of vertebrates that show secondary marine adaptation, exhibiting diverse phenotypic traits and lethal venom systems. To better understand their evolution, we generated the first chromosome-level genomes of two representative...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8557462/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34320652 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab212 |
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author | Li, An Wang, Junjie Sun, Kuo Wang, Shuocun Zhao, Xin Wang, Tingfang Xiong, Liyan Xu, Weiheng Qiu, Lei Shang, Yan Liu, Runhui Wang, Sheng Lu, Yiming |
author_facet | Li, An Wang, Junjie Sun, Kuo Wang, Shuocun Zhao, Xin Wang, Tingfang Xiong, Liyan Xu, Weiheng Qiu, Lei Shang, Yan Liu, Runhui Wang, Sheng Lu, Yiming |
author_sort | Li, An |
collection | PubMed |
description | True sea snakes (Hydrophiini) are among the last and most successful clades of vertebrates that show secondary marine adaptation, exhibiting diverse phenotypic traits and lethal venom systems. To better understand their evolution, we generated the first chromosome-level genomes of two representative Hydrophiini snakes, Hydrophis cyanocinctus and H. curtus. Through comparative genomics we identified a great expansion of the underwater olfaction-related V2R gene family, consisting of more than 1,000 copies in both snakes. A series of chromosome rearrangements and genomic structural variations were recognized, including large inversions longer than 30 megabase (Mb) on sex chromosomes which potentially affect key functional genes associated with differentiated phenotypes between the two species. By integrating multiomics we found a significant loss of the major weapon for elapid predation, three-finger toxin genes, which displayed a dosage effect in H. curtus. These genetic changes may imply mechanisms that drove the divergent evolution of adaptive traits including prey preferences between the two closely related snakes. Our reference-quality sea snake genomes also enrich the repositories for addressing important issues on the evolution of marine tetrapods, and provide a resource for discovering marine-derived biological products. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8557462 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85574622021-11-01 Two Reference-Quality Sea Snake Genomes Reveal Their Divergent Evolution of Adaptive Traits and Venom Systems Li, An Wang, Junjie Sun, Kuo Wang, Shuocun Zhao, Xin Wang, Tingfang Xiong, Liyan Xu, Weiheng Qiu, Lei Shang, Yan Liu, Runhui Wang, Sheng Lu, Yiming Mol Biol Evol Discoveries True sea snakes (Hydrophiini) are among the last and most successful clades of vertebrates that show secondary marine adaptation, exhibiting diverse phenotypic traits and lethal venom systems. To better understand their evolution, we generated the first chromosome-level genomes of two representative Hydrophiini snakes, Hydrophis cyanocinctus and H. curtus. Through comparative genomics we identified a great expansion of the underwater olfaction-related V2R gene family, consisting of more than 1,000 copies in both snakes. A series of chromosome rearrangements and genomic structural variations were recognized, including large inversions longer than 30 megabase (Mb) on sex chromosomes which potentially affect key functional genes associated with differentiated phenotypes between the two species. By integrating multiomics we found a significant loss of the major weapon for elapid predation, three-finger toxin genes, which displayed a dosage effect in H. curtus. These genetic changes may imply mechanisms that drove the divergent evolution of adaptive traits including prey preferences between the two closely related snakes. Our reference-quality sea snake genomes also enrich the repositories for addressing important issues on the evolution of marine tetrapods, and provide a resource for discovering marine-derived biological products. Oxford University Press 2021-07-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8557462/ /pubmed/34320652 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab212 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Discoveries Li, An Wang, Junjie Sun, Kuo Wang, Shuocun Zhao, Xin Wang, Tingfang Xiong, Liyan Xu, Weiheng Qiu, Lei Shang, Yan Liu, Runhui Wang, Sheng Lu, Yiming Two Reference-Quality Sea Snake Genomes Reveal Their Divergent Evolution of Adaptive Traits and Venom Systems |
title | Two Reference-Quality Sea Snake Genomes Reveal Their Divergent Evolution of Adaptive Traits and Venom Systems |
title_full | Two Reference-Quality Sea Snake Genomes Reveal Their Divergent Evolution of Adaptive Traits and Venom Systems |
title_fullStr | Two Reference-Quality Sea Snake Genomes Reveal Their Divergent Evolution of Adaptive Traits and Venom Systems |
title_full_unstemmed | Two Reference-Quality Sea Snake Genomes Reveal Their Divergent Evolution of Adaptive Traits and Venom Systems |
title_short | Two Reference-Quality Sea Snake Genomes Reveal Their Divergent Evolution of Adaptive Traits and Venom Systems |
title_sort | two reference-quality sea snake genomes reveal their divergent evolution of adaptive traits and venom systems |
topic | Discoveries |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8557462/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34320652 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab212 |
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