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Transcriptome programs involved in the development and structure of the cerebellum

In the past two decades, mounting evidence has modified the classical view of the cerebellum as a brain region specifically involved in the modulation of motor functions. Indeed, clinical studies and engineered mouse models have highlighted cerebellar circuits implicated in cognitive functions and b...

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Autores principales: Farini, Donatella, Marazziti, Daniela, Geloso, Maria Concetta, Sette, Claudio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558292/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34406416
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03911-w
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author Farini, Donatella
Marazziti, Daniela
Geloso, Maria Concetta
Sette, Claudio
author_facet Farini, Donatella
Marazziti, Daniela
Geloso, Maria Concetta
Sette, Claudio
author_sort Farini, Donatella
collection PubMed
description In the past two decades, mounting evidence has modified the classical view of the cerebellum as a brain region specifically involved in the modulation of motor functions. Indeed, clinical studies and engineered mouse models have highlighted cerebellar circuits implicated in cognitive functions and behavior. Furthermore, it is now clear that insults occurring in specific time windows of cerebellar development can affect cognitive performance later in life and are associated with neurological syndromes, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder. Despite its almost homogenous cytoarchitecture, how cerebellar circuits form and function is not completely elucidated yet. Notably, the apparently simple neuronal organization of the cerebellum, in which Purkinje cells represent the only output, hides an elevated functional diversity even within the same neuronal population. Such complexity is the result of the integration of intrinsic morphogenetic programs and extracellular cues from the surrounding environment, which impact on the regulation of the transcriptome of cerebellar neurons. In this review, we briefly summarize key features of the development and structure of the cerebellum before focusing on the pathways involved in the acquisition of the cerebellar neuron identity. We focus on gene expression and mRNA processing programs, including mRNA methylation, trafficking and splicing, that are set in motion during cerebellar development and participate to its physiology. These programs are likely to add new layers of complexity and versatility that are fundamental for the adaptability of cerebellar neurons.
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spelling pubmed-85582922021-11-15 Transcriptome programs involved in the development and structure of the cerebellum Farini, Donatella Marazziti, Daniela Geloso, Maria Concetta Sette, Claudio Cell Mol Life Sci Review In the past two decades, mounting evidence has modified the classical view of the cerebellum as a brain region specifically involved in the modulation of motor functions. Indeed, clinical studies and engineered mouse models have highlighted cerebellar circuits implicated in cognitive functions and behavior. Furthermore, it is now clear that insults occurring in specific time windows of cerebellar development can affect cognitive performance later in life and are associated with neurological syndromes, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder. Despite its almost homogenous cytoarchitecture, how cerebellar circuits form and function is not completely elucidated yet. Notably, the apparently simple neuronal organization of the cerebellum, in which Purkinje cells represent the only output, hides an elevated functional diversity even within the same neuronal population. Such complexity is the result of the integration of intrinsic morphogenetic programs and extracellular cues from the surrounding environment, which impact on the regulation of the transcriptome of cerebellar neurons. In this review, we briefly summarize key features of the development and structure of the cerebellum before focusing on the pathways involved in the acquisition of the cerebellar neuron identity. We focus on gene expression and mRNA processing programs, including mRNA methylation, trafficking and splicing, that are set in motion during cerebellar development and participate to its physiology. These programs are likely to add new layers of complexity and versatility that are fundamental for the adaptability of cerebellar neurons. Springer International Publishing 2021-08-18 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8558292/ /pubmed/34406416 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03911-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review
Farini, Donatella
Marazziti, Daniela
Geloso, Maria Concetta
Sette, Claudio
Transcriptome programs involved in the development and structure of the cerebellum
title Transcriptome programs involved in the development and structure of the cerebellum
title_full Transcriptome programs involved in the development and structure of the cerebellum
title_fullStr Transcriptome programs involved in the development and structure of the cerebellum
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptome programs involved in the development and structure of the cerebellum
title_short Transcriptome programs involved in the development and structure of the cerebellum
title_sort transcriptome programs involved in the development and structure of the cerebellum
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558292/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34406416
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03911-w
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