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Validation of ICMR Neurocognitive Toolbox for Dementia in the Linguistically Diverse Context of India
Objectives: The growing prevalence of dementia, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), has raised the need for a unified cognitive screening tool that can aid its early detection. The linguistically and educationally diverse population in India contributes to challenges in diagnosis...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558406/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34733226 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.661269 |
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author | Verma, Mansi Tripathi, Manjari Nehra, Ashima Paplikar, Avanthi Varghese, Feba Alladi, Suvarna Narayanan, Jwala Dhaliwal, R. S. Sharma, Meenakshi Saroja, Aralikatte Onkarappa Arshad, Faheem Divyaraj, Gollahalli Ghosh, Amitabha Manae, Tejaswini S. Mekala, Shailaja Menon, Ramshekhar N. Hooda, Roopa Iyer, Gowri K. Sunitha, J. Kandukuri, Rajmohan Kaul, Subhash Khan, Arfa Banu Mathew, Robert Nandi, Ranita Padma, M. V. Pauranik, Apoorva Ramakrishnan, Subasree Sarath, Lekha Shah, Urvashi Sylaja, P. N. Varma, Ravi Prasad Vishwanath, Yeshaswini |
author_facet | Verma, Mansi Tripathi, Manjari Nehra, Ashima Paplikar, Avanthi Varghese, Feba Alladi, Suvarna Narayanan, Jwala Dhaliwal, R. S. Sharma, Meenakshi Saroja, Aralikatte Onkarappa Arshad, Faheem Divyaraj, Gollahalli Ghosh, Amitabha Manae, Tejaswini S. Mekala, Shailaja Menon, Ramshekhar N. Hooda, Roopa Iyer, Gowri K. Sunitha, J. Kandukuri, Rajmohan Kaul, Subhash Khan, Arfa Banu Mathew, Robert Nandi, Ranita Padma, M. V. Pauranik, Apoorva Ramakrishnan, Subasree Sarath, Lekha Shah, Urvashi Sylaja, P. N. Varma, Ravi Prasad Vishwanath, Yeshaswini |
author_sort | Verma, Mansi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objectives: The growing prevalence of dementia, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), has raised the need for a unified cognitive screening tool that can aid its early detection. The linguistically and educationally diverse population in India contributes to challenges in diagnosis. The present study aimed to assess the validity and diagnostic accuracy of the Indian Council of Medical Research-Neurocognitive Toolbox (ICMR-NCTB), a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery adapted in five languages, for the diagnosis of dementia. Methods: A multidisciplinary group of experts developed the ICMR-NCTB based on reviewing the existing tools and incorporation of culturally appropriate modifications. The finalized tests of the major cognitive domains of attention, executive functions, memory, language, and visuospatial skills were then adapted and translated into five Indian languages: Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam. Three hundred fifty-four participants were recruited, including 222 controls and 132 dementia patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the adapted tests were established for the diagnosis of dementia. Results: A significant difference in the mean (median) performance scores between healthy controls and patients with dementia was observed on all tests of ICMR-NCTB. The area under the curve for majority of the tests included in the ICMR-NCTB ranged from 0.73 to 1.00, and the sensitivity and specificity of the ICMR-NCTB tests ranged from 70 to 100% and 70.7 to 100%, respectively, to identify dementia across all five languages. Conclusions: The ICMR-NCTB is a valid instrument to diagnose dementia across five Indian languages, with good diagnostic accuracy. The toolbox was effective in overcoming the challenge of linguistic diversity. The study has wide implications to address the problem of a high disease burden and low diagnostic rate of dementia in LMICs like India. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8558406 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85584062021-11-02 Validation of ICMR Neurocognitive Toolbox for Dementia in the Linguistically Diverse Context of India Verma, Mansi Tripathi, Manjari Nehra, Ashima Paplikar, Avanthi Varghese, Feba Alladi, Suvarna Narayanan, Jwala Dhaliwal, R. S. Sharma, Meenakshi Saroja, Aralikatte Onkarappa Arshad, Faheem Divyaraj, Gollahalli Ghosh, Amitabha Manae, Tejaswini S. Mekala, Shailaja Menon, Ramshekhar N. Hooda, Roopa Iyer, Gowri K. Sunitha, J. Kandukuri, Rajmohan Kaul, Subhash Khan, Arfa Banu Mathew, Robert Nandi, Ranita Padma, M. V. Pauranik, Apoorva Ramakrishnan, Subasree Sarath, Lekha Shah, Urvashi Sylaja, P. N. Varma, Ravi Prasad Vishwanath, Yeshaswini Front Neurol Neurology Objectives: The growing prevalence of dementia, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), has raised the need for a unified cognitive screening tool that can aid its early detection. The linguistically and educationally diverse population in India contributes to challenges in diagnosis. The present study aimed to assess the validity and diagnostic accuracy of the Indian Council of Medical Research-Neurocognitive Toolbox (ICMR-NCTB), a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery adapted in five languages, for the diagnosis of dementia. Methods: A multidisciplinary group of experts developed the ICMR-NCTB based on reviewing the existing tools and incorporation of culturally appropriate modifications. The finalized tests of the major cognitive domains of attention, executive functions, memory, language, and visuospatial skills were then adapted and translated into five Indian languages: Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam. Three hundred fifty-four participants were recruited, including 222 controls and 132 dementia patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the adapted tests were established for the diagnosis of dementia. Results: A significant difference in the mean (median) performance scores between healthy controls and patients with dementia was observed on all tests of ICMR-NCTB. The area under the curve for majority of the tests included in the ICMR-NCTB ranged from 0.73 to 1.00, and the sensitivity and specificity of the ICMR-NCTB tests ranged from 70 to 100% and 70.7 to 100%, respectively, to identify dementia across all five languages. Conclusions: The ICMR-NCTB is a valid instrument to diagnose dementia across five Indian languages, with good diagnostic accuracy. The toolbox was effective in overcoming the challenge of linguistic diversity. The study has wide implications to address the problem of a high disease burden and low diagnostic rate of dementia in LMICs like India. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8558406/ /pubmed/34733226 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.661269 Text en Copyright © 2021 Verma, Tripathi, Nehra, Paplikar, Varghese, Alladi, Narayanan, Dhaliwal, Sharma, Saroja, Arshad, Divyaraj, Ghosh, Manae, Mekala, Menon, Hooda, Iyer, Sunitha, Kandukuri, Kaul, Khan, Mathew, Nandi, Padma, Pauranik, Ramakrishnan, Sarath, Shah, Sylaja, Varma and Vishwanath. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neurology Verma, Mansi Tripathi, Manjari Nehra, Ashima Paplikar, Avanthi Varghese, Feba Alladi, Suvarna Narayanan, Jwala Dhaliwal, R. S. Sharma, Meenakshi Saroja, Aralikatte Onkarappa Arshad, Faheem Divyaraj, Gollahalli Ghosh, Amitabha Manae, Tejaswini S. Mekala, Shailaja Menon, Ramshekhar N. Hooda, Roopa Iyer, Gowri K. Sunitha, J. Kandukuri, Rajmohan Kaul, Subhash Khan, Arfa Banu Mathew, Robert Nandi, Ranita Padma, M. V. Pauranik, Apoorva Ramakrishnan, Subasree Sarath, Lekha Shah, Urvashi Sylaja, P. N. Varma, Ravi Prasad Vishwanath, Yeshaswini Validation of ICMR Neurocognitive Toolbox for Dementia in the Linguistically Diverse Context of India |
title | Validation of ICMR Neurocognitive Toolbox for Dementia in the Linguistically Diverse Context of India |
title_full | Validation of ICMR Neurocognitive Toolbox for Dementia in the Linguistically Diverse Context of India |
title_fullStr | Validation of ICMR Neurocognitive Toolbox for Dementia in the Linguistically Diverse Context of India |
title_full_unstemmed | Validation of ICMR Neurocognitive Toolbox for Dementia in the Linguistically Diverse Context of India |
title_short | Validation of ICMR Neurocognitive Toolbox for Dementia in the Linguistically Diverse Context of India |
title_sort | validation of icmr neurocognitive toolbox for dementia in the linguistically diverse context of india |
topic | Neurology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558406/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34733226 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.661269 |
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