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Inter-Genera Colonization of Ocimum tenuiflorum Endophytes in Tomato and Their Complementary Effects on Na(+)/K(+) Balance, Oxidative Stress Regulation, and Root Architecture Under Elevated Soil Salinity
Endophytic bacilli of ethano-botanical plant Ocimum tenuiflorum were screened for salt stress-alleviating traits in tomato. Four promising O. tenuiflorum endophytes (Bacillus safensis BTL5, Bacillus haynesii GTR8, Bacillus paralicheniformis GTR11, and Bacillus altitudinis GTS16) were used in this st...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558678/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34733259 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.744733 |
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author | Sahu, Pramod K. Singh, Shailendra Singh, Udai B. Chakdar, Hillol Sharma, Pawan K. Sarma, Birinchi K. Teli, Basavaraj Bajpai, Raina Bhowmik, Arpan Singh, Harsh V. Saxena, Anil K. |
author_facet | Sahu, Pramod K. Singh, Shailendra Singh, Udai B. Chakdar, Hillol Sharma, Pawan K. Sarma, Birinchi K. Teli, Basavaraj Bajpai, Raina Bhowmik, Arpan Singh, Harsh V. Saxena, Anil K. |
author_sort | Sahu, Pramod K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Endophytic bacilli of ethano-botanical plant Ocimum tenuiflorum were screened for salt stress-alleviating traits in tomato. Four promising O. tenuiflorum endophytes (Bacillus safensis BTL5, Bacillus haynesii GTR8, Bacillus paralicheniformis GTR11, and Bacillus altitudinis GTS16) were used in this study. Confocal scanning laser microscopic studies revealed the inter-genera colonization of O. tenuiflorum endophytes in tomato plants, giving insights for widening the applicability of potential endophytes to other crops. Furthermore, in a pot trial under 150 mM NaCl concentration, the inoculated endophytes contributed in reducing salt toxicity and improving recovery from salt-induced oxidative stress by different mechanisms. Reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) (sub-cellular H(2)O(2) and superoxide) accumulation was observed besides lowering programmed cell death and increasing chlorophyll content. Endophyte inoculation supplemented the plant antioxidant enzyme system via the modulation of enzymatic antioxidants, viz., peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, apart from increasing proline and total phenolics. Antioxidants like proline have dual roles of antioxidants and osmoregulation, which might also have contributed to improved water relation under elevated salinity. Root architecture, viz., root length, projection area, surface area, average diameter, tips, forks, crossings, and the number of links, was improved upon inoculation, indicating healthy root growth and enhanced nutrient flow and water homeostasis. Regulation of Na(+)/K(+) balance and water homeostasis in the plants were also evident from the modulation in the expression of abiotic stress-responsive genes, viz., LKT1, NHX1, SOS1, LePIP2, SlERF16, and SlWRKY39. Shoot tissues staining with light-excitable Na(+) indicator Sodium Green(TM) Tetra (tetramethylammonium) salt showed low sodium transport and accumulation in endophyte-inoculated plants. All four endophytes exhibited different mechanisms for stress alleviation and indicated complementary effects on plant growth. Furthermore, this could be harnessed in the form of a consortium for salt stress alleviation. The present study established inter-genera colonization of O. tenuiflorum endophytes in tomato and revealed its potential in maintaining Na(+)/K(+) balance, reducing ROS, and improving root architecture under elevated salinity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8558678 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85586782021-11-02 Inter-Genera Colonization of Ocimum tenuiflorum Endophytes in Tomato and Their Complementary Effects on Na(+)/K(+) Balance, Oxidative Stress Regulation, and Root Architecture Under Elevated Soil Salinity Sahu, Pramod K. Singh, Shailendra Singh, Udai B. Chakdar, Hillol Sharma, Pawan K. Sarma, Birinchi K. Teli, Basavaraj Bajpai, Raina Bhowmik, Arpan Singh, Harsh V. Saxena, Anil K. Front Microbiol Microbiology Endophytic bacilli of ethano-botanical plant Ocimum tenuiflorum were screened for salt stress-alleviating traits in tomato. Four promising O. tenuiflorum endophytes (Bacillus safensis BTL5, Bacillus haynesii GTR8, Bacillus paralicheniformis GTR11, and Bacillus altitudinis GTS16) were used in this study. Confocal scanning laser microscopic studies revealed the inter-genera colonization of O. tenuiflorum endophytes in tomato plants, giving insights for widening the applicability of potential endophytes to other crops. Furthermore, in a pot trial under 150 mM NaCl concentration, the inoculated endophytes contributed in reducing salt toxicity and improving recovery from salt-induced oxidative stress by different mechanisms. Reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) (sub-cellular H(2)O(2) and superoxide) accumulation was observed besides lowering programmed cell death and increasing chlorophyll content. Endophyte inoculation supplemented the plant antioxidant enzyme system via the modulation of enzymatic antioxidants, viz., peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, apart from increasing proline and total phenolics. Antioxidants like proline have dual roles of antioxidants and osmoregulation, which might also have contributed to improved water relation under elevated salinity. Root architecture, viz., root length, projection area, surface area, average diameter, tips, forks, crossings, and the number of links, was improved upon inoculation, indicating healthy root growth and enhanced nutrient flow and water homeostasis. Regulation of Na(+)/K(+) balance and water homeostasis in the plants were also evident from the modulation in the expression of abiotic stress-responsive genes, viz., LKT1, NHX1, SOS1, LePIP2, SlERF16, and SlWRKY39. Shoot tissues staining with light-excitable Na(+) indicator Sodium Green(TM) Tetra (tetramethylammonium) salt showed low sodium transport and accumulation in endophyte-inoculated plants. All four endophytes exhibited different mechanisms for stress alleviation and indicated complementary effects on plant growth. Furthermore, this could be harnessed in the form of a consortium for salt stress alleviation. The present study established inter-genera colonization of O. tenuiflorum endophytes in tomato and revealed its potential in maintaining Na(+)/K(+) balance, reducing ROS, and improving root architecture under elevated salinity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8558678/ /pubmed/34733259 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.744733 Text en Copyright © 2021 Sahu, Singh, Singh, Chakdar, Sharma, Sarma, Teli, Bajpai, Bhowmik, Singh and Saxena. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Sahu, Pramod K. Singh, Shailendra Singh, Udai B. Chakdar, Hillol Sharma, Pawan K. Sarma, Birinchi K. Teli, Basavaraj Bajpai, Raina Bhowmik, Arpan Singh, Harsh V. Saxena, Anil K. Inter-Genera Colonization of Ocimum tenuiflorum Endophytes in Tomato and Their Complementary Effects on Na(+)/K(+) Balance, Oxidative Stress Regulation, and Root Architecture Under Elevated Soil Salinity |
title | Inter-Genera Colonization of Ocimum tenuiflorum Endophytes in Tomato and Their Complementary Effects on Na(+)/K(+) Balance, Oxidative Stress Regulation, and Root Architecture Under Elevated Soil Salinity |
title_full | Inter-Genera Colonization of Ocimum tenuiflorum Endophytes in Tomato and Their Complementary Effects on Na(+)/K(+) Balance, Oxidative Stress Regulation, and Root Architecture Under Elevated Soil Salinity |
title_fullStr | Inter-Genera Colonization of Ocimum tenuiflorum Endophytes in Tomato and Their Complementary Effects on Na(+)/K(+) Balance, Oxidative Stress Regulation, and Root Architecture Under Elevated Soil Salinity |
title_full_unstemmed | Inter-Genera Colonization of Ocimum tenuiflorum Endophytes in Tomato and Their Complementary Effects on Na(+)/K(+) Balance, Oxidative Stress Regulation, and Root Architecture Under Elevated Soil Salinity |
title_short | Inter-Genera Colonization of Ocimum tenuiflorum Endophytes in Tomato and Their Complementary Effects on Na(+)/K(+) Balance, Oxidative Stress Regulation, and Root Architecture Under Elevated Soil Salinity |
title_sort | inter-genera colonization of ocimum tenuiflorum endophytes in tomato and their complementary effects on na(+)/k(+) balance, oxidative stress regulation, and root architecture under elevated soil salinity |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8558678/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34733259 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.744733 |
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