Cargando…

Clinical and Radiographic Differentiation of Pediatric Patellar Sleeve Fractures and Other Inferior Pole Pathologies (165)

OBJECTIVES: Inferior pole patellar sleeve fractures (PSF) are rare injuries that occur in skeletally immature patients with sparse literature on the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of this injury. Diagnosis of PSF can be difficult based on radiographs alone, as only a small bony fragment is ofte...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Devana, Sai, Trivellas, Andromahi, Bennett, Abbie, Jackson, Nicholas, Beck, Jennifer
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8559292/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121S00287
_version_ 1784592732150300672
author Devana, Sai
Trivellas, Andromahi
Bennett, Abbie
Jackson, Nicholas
Beck, Jennifer
author_facet Devana, Sai
Trivellas, Andromahi
Bennett, Abbie
Jackson, Nicholas
Beck, Jennifer
author_sort Devana, Sai
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: Inferior pole patellar sleeve fractures (PSF) are rare injuries that occur in skeletally immature patients with sparse literature on the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of this injury. Diagnosis of PSF can be difficult based on radiographs alone, as only a small bony fragment is often seen. Consequently, PSFs may be missed or falsely diagnosed as an inferior pole fracture (IPF) or Sinding-Larson-Johansson syndrome (SLJS) possibly leading to improper treatment and poor outcomes (Figure 1). The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare clinical and radiographic features of patients with PSF, IPF and SLJS to help improve diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of skeletally immature patients diagnosed with inferior pole patellar pathology between 2011-2019 at a single urban academic center. Patients were identified using both International Classification of Diseases 9(th) and 10(th) edition (ICD-9 and ICD-10) codes and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Data from medical records (demographics, injury mechanism and physical exam) and lateral knee radiographs (fragment size, fragment displacement, number of fragments, Insall-Salvati, Caton-Deschamps, pre-patellar effusion, intra-articular effusion) was collected. ANOVA, Student’s t-test and Fisher’s exact test were used for comparisons between the three groups. Statistical significance was determined at p<0.05. This study was approved by our institutional review board. RESULTS: A total of 125 patients were included: 82% male, average age 10.7 years (SD 2), 16 PSF, 51 IPF, 58 SLJS patients. There were no significant differences in patient demographics between the three groups (Table 1). Only 24% of SLJS patients presented with acute trauma compared to 100% of the PSF and IPF patients. Fewer PSF patients had an intact straight leg raise (37.5%) compared to IPF (94.1%) and SLJS (98.3%) (p<0.001). SLJS patients were less likely to present with knee swelling (41.4%) compared to PSF (93.8%) and IPF (94.1%) (p<0.001) . Knee effusion was more frequently seen in PSF (81.2%) compared to IPF (37.3%) and SLJS (3.4%) (p<0.001). More patients with SLJS were able to bear weight (87.9%) compared to IPF (11.8%) and PSF (0%) (p<0.001) (Table 2). Radiographically, compared to those with IFP and SLJS, patients with PSFs had increased mean prepatellar swelling (6.1 and 6.5 versus 12.9mm, p<0.001), intra-articular effusion (6.1 and 4.9 versus 9.2mm, p<0.001), maximum fragment size (26 and 17.7 versus 45.3mm, p<0.001) and maximum fragment displacement (1.24 and 1.45 versus 13.30mm, p<0.003) respectively. Compared to SLJS, PSF and IPF patients had higher patella alta with mean Insall-Salvati ratios > 1.2 (Table 3). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in clinical features such as straight leg raise, knee swelling, knee effusion, ability to bear weight and radiographic features such as prepatellar swelling, intra-articular effusion, fragment displacement/size/shape/location can all be helpful in improving the accuracy of diagnosing inferior pole injuries in pediatric patients.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8559292
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher SAGE Publications
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-85592922021-11-04 Clinical and Radiographic Differentiation of Pediatric Patellar Sleeve Fractures and Other Inferior Pole Pathologies (165) Devana, Sai Trivellas, Andromahi Bennett, Abbie Jackson, Nicholas Beck, Jennifer Orthop J Sports Med Article OBJECTIVES: Inferior pole patellar sleeve fractures (PSF) are rare injuries that occur in skeletally immature patients with sparse literature on the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of this injury. Diagnosis of PSF can be difficult based on radiographs alone, as only a small bony fragment is often seen. Consequently, PSFs may be missed or falsely diagnosed as an inferior pole fracture (IPF) or Sinding-Larson-Johansson syndrome (SLJS) possibly leading to improper treatment and poor outcomes (Figure 1). The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare clinical and radiographic features of patients with PSF, IPF and SLJS to help improve diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of skeletally immature patients diagnosed with inferior pole patellar pathology between 2011-2019 at a single urban academic center. Patients were identified using both International Classification of Diseases 9(th) and 10(th) edition (ICD-9 and ICD-10) codes and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Data from medical records (demographics, injury mechanism and physical exam) and lateral knee radiographs (fragment size, fragment displacement, number of fragments, Insall-Salvati, Caton-Deschamps, pre-patellar effusion, intra-articular effusion) was collected. ANOVA, Student’s t-test and Fisher’s exact test were used for comparisons between the three groups. Statistical significance was determined at p<0.05. This study was approved by our institutional review board. RESULTS: A total of 125 patients were included: 82% male, average age 10.7 years (SD 2), 16 PSF, 51 IPF, 58 SLJS patients. There were no significant differences in patient demographics between the three groups (Table 1). Only 24% of SLJS patients presented with acute trauma compared to 100% of the PSF and IPF patients. Fewer PSF patients had an intact straight leg raise (37.5%) compared to IPF (94.1%) and SLJS (98.3%) (p<0.001). SLJS patients were less likely to present with knee swelling (41.4%) compared to PSF (93.8%) and IPF (94.1%) (p<0.001) . Knee effusion was more frequently seen in PSF (81.2%) compared to IPF (37.3%) and SLJS (3.4%) (p<0.001). More patients with SLJS were able to bear weight (87.9%) compared to IPF (11.8%) and PSF (0%) (p<0.001) (Table 2). Radiographically, compared to those with IFP and SLJS, patients with PSFs had increased mean prepatellar swelling (6.1 and 6.5 versus 12.9mm, p<0.001), intra-articular effusion (6.1 and 4.9 versus 9.2mm, p<0.001), maximum fragment size (26 and 17.7 versus 45.3mm, p<0.001) and maximum fragment displacement (1.24 and 1.45 versus 13.30mm, p<0.003) respectively. Compared to SLJS, PSF and IPF patients had higher patella alta with mean Insall-Salvati ratios > 1.2 (Table 3). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in clinical features such as straight leg raise, knee swelling, knee effusion, ability to bear weight and radiographic features such as prepatellar swelling, intra-articular effusion, fragment displacement/size/shape/location can all be helpful in improving the accuracy of diagnosing inferior pole injuries in pediatric patients. SAGE Publications 2021-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8559292/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121S00287 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open-access article is published and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - No Derivatives License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits the noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction of the article in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this article without the permission of the Author(s). For article reuse guidelines, please visit SAGE’s website at http://www.sagepub.com/journals-permissions.
spellingShingle Article
Devana, Sai
Trivellas, Andromahi
Bennett, Abbie
Jackson, Nicholas
Beck, Jennifer
Clinical and Radiographic Differentiation of Pediatric Patellar Sleeve Fractures and Other Inferior Pole Pathologies (165)
title Clinical and Radiographic Differentiation of Pediatric Patellar Sleeve Fractures and Other Inferior Pole Pathologies (165)
title_full Clinical and Radiographic Differentiation of Pediatric Patellar Sleeve Fractures and Other Inferior Pole Pathologies (165)
title_fullStr Clinical and Radiographic Differentiation of Pediatric Patellar Sleeve Fractures and Other Inferior Pole Pathologies (165)
title_full_unstemmed Clinical and Radiographic Differentiation of Pediatric Patellar Sleeve Fractures and Other Inferior Pole Pathologies (165)
title_short Clinical and Radiographic Differentiation of Pediatric Patellar Sleeve Fractures and Other Inferior Pole Pathologies (165)
title_sort clinical and radiographic differentiation of pediatric patellar sleeve fractures and other inferior pole pathologies (165)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8559292/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121S00287
work_keys_str_mv AT devanasai clinicalandradiographicdifferentiationofpediatricpatellarsleevefracturesandotherinferiorpolepathologies165
AT trivellasandromahi clinicalandradiographicdifferentiationofpediatricpatellarsleevefracturesandotherinferiorpolepathologies165
AT bennettabbie clinicalandradiographicdifferentiationofpediatricpatellarsleevefracturesandotherinferiorpolepathologies165
AT jacksonnicholas clinicalandradiographicdifferentiationofpediatricpatellarsleevefracturesandotherinferiorpolepathologies165
AT beckjennifer clinicalandradiographicdifferentiationofpediatricpatellarsleevefracturesandotherinferiorpolepathologies165