Urethrovaginal fistula 11 years after a bone anchor sling using woven polyester and treatment with a Martius flap

INTRODUCTION: We encountered a urethrovaginal fistula diagnosed 11 years after a bone anchor sling. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58‐year‐old woman underwent a bone anchor sling to treat stress urinary incontinence. At age 69, mid‐urethral sling was planned because of a recurrent stress urinary incontinence diagnosis, but a urethrovaginal fistula was found immediately before the procedure. After removing woven polyester, the previous sling material, simple fistula closure was carried out but failed. Usage of a vaginal speculum and powerful medical lamps during a stress test revealed leakage from both the urethrovaginal fistula and the external urethral meatus. She underwent another fistula closure using a Martius flap. Subsequently, a 1‐h pad test improved from 195 to 5.1 g/h. The remaining mild stress urinary incontinence did not necessitate further treatment. CONCLUSION: Anti‐incontinence procedures using synthetic materials can cause urethrovaginal fistula. Attention must be paid to the possibility of urethrovaginal fistula when patients complain of worsened incontinence postoperatively.