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The Hypoxia-Associated Localization of Chemotaxis Protein CheZ in Azorhizorbium caulinodans

Spatial organization of chemotactic proteins is important for cooperative response to external stimuli. However, factors affecting the localization dynamics of chemotaxis proteins are less studied. According to some reports, the polar localization of chemotaxis system I is induced by hypoxia and sta...

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Autores principales: Liu, Xiaolin, Liu, Yanan, Wang, Yixuan, Wang, Dandan, Johnson, Kevin Scot, Xie, Zhihong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8563088/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34737727
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.731419
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author Liu, Xiaolin
Liu, Yanan
Wang, Yixuan
Wang, Dandan
Johnson, Kevin Scot
Xie, Zhihong
author_facet Liu, Xiaolin
Liu, Yanan
Wang, Yixuan
Wang, Dandan
Johnson, Kevin Scot
Xie, Zhihong
author_sort Liu, Xiaolin
collection PubMed
description Spatial organization of chemotactic proteins is important for cooperative response to external stimuli. However, factors affecting the localization dynamics of chemotaxis proteins are less studied. According to some reports, the polar localization of chemotaxis system I is induced by hypoxia and starvation in Vibrio cholerae. However, in V. cholerae, the chemotaxis system I is not involved in flagellum-mediated chemotaxis, and it may play other alternative cellular functions. In this study, we found that the polar localization of CheZ, a phosphatase regulating chemotactic movement in Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571, can also be affected by hypoxia and cellular energy-status. The conserved phosphatase active site D165 and the C-terminus of CheZ are essential for the energy-related localization, indicating a cross link between hypoxia-related localization changes and phosphatase activity of CheZ. Furthermore, three of five Aer-like chemoreceptors containing PAS domains participate in the cellular localization of CheZ. In contrast to carbon starvation, free-living nitrogen fixation can alleviate the role of nitrogen limitation and hypoxia on polar localization of CheZ. These results showed that the localization changes induced by hypoxia might be a strategy for bacteria to adapt to complex environment.
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spelling pubmed-85630882021-11-03 The Hypoxia-Associated Localization of Chemotaxis Protein CheZ in Azorhizorbium caulinodans Liu, Xiaolin Liu, Yanan Wang, Yixuan Wang, Dandan Johnson, Kevin Scot Xie, Zhihong Front Microbiol Microbiology Spatial organization of chemotactic proteins is important for cooperative response to external stimuli. However, factors affecting the localization dynamics of chemotaxis proteins are less studied. According to some reports, the polar localization of chemotaxis system I is induced by hypoxia and starvation in Vibrio cholerae. However, in V. cholerae, the chemotaxis system I is not involved in flagellum-mediated chemotaxis, and it may play other alternative cellular functions. In this study, we found that the polar localization of CheZ, a phosphatase regulating chemotactic movement in Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571, can also be affected by hypoxia and cellular energy-status. The conserved phosphatase active site D165 and the C-terminus of CheZ are essential for the energy-related localization, indicating a cross link between hypoxia-related localization changes and phosphatase activity of CheZ. Furthermore, three of five Aer-like chemoreceptors containing PAS domains participate in the cellular localization of CheZ. In contrast to carbon starvation, free-living nitrogen fixation can alleviate the role of nitrogen limitation and hypoxia on polar localization of CheZ. These results showed that the localization changes induced by hypoxia might be a strategy for bacteria to adapt to complex environment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8563088/ /pubmed/34737727 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.731419 Text en Copyright © 2021 Liu, Liu, Wang, Wang, Johnson and Xie. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Liu, Xiaolin
Liu, Yanan
Wang, Yixuan
Wang, Dandan
Johnson, Kevin Scot
Xie, Zhihong
The Hypoxia-Associated Localization of Chemotaxis Protein CheZ in Azorhizorbium caulinodans
title The Hypoxia-Associated Localization of Chemotaxis Protein CheZ in Azorhizorbium caulinodans
title_full The Hypoxia-Associated Localization of Chemotaxis Protein CheZ in Azorhizorbium caulinodans
title_fullStr The Hypoxia-Associated Localization of Chemotaxis Protein CheZ in Azorhizorbium caulinodans
title_full_unstemmed The Hypoxia-Associated Localization of Chemotaxis Protein CheZ in Azorhizorbium caulinodans
title_short The Hypoxia-Associated Localization of Chemotaxis Protein CheZ in Azorhizorbium caulinodans
title_sort hypoxia-associated localization of chemotaxis protein chez in azorhizorbium caulinodans
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8563088/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34737727
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.731419
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