Genetically Engineered Cellular Membrane Vesicles as Tailorable Shells for Therapeutics

Benefiting from the blooming interaction of nanotechnology and biotechnology, biosynthetic cellular membrane vesicles (Bio‐MVs) have shown superior characteristics for therapeutic transportation because of their hydrophilic cavity and hydrophobic bilayer structure, as well as their inherent biocompatibility and negligible immunogenicity. These excellent cell‐like features with specific functional protein expression on the surface can invoke their remarkable ability for Bio‐MVs based recombinant protein therapy to facilitate the advanced synergy in poly‐therapy. To date, various tactics have been developed for Bio‐MVs surface modification with functional proteins through hydrophobic insertion or multivalent electrostatic interactions. While the Bio‐MVs grow through genetically engineering strategies can maintain binding specificity, sort orders, and lead to strict information about artificial proteins in a facile and sustainable way. In this progress report, the most current technology of Bio‐MVs is discussed, with an emphasis on their multi‐functionalities as “tailorable shells” for delivering bio‐functional moieties and therapeutic entities. The most notable success and challenges via genetically engineered tactics to achieve the new generation of Bio‐MVs are highlighted. Besides, future perspectives of Bio‐MVs in novel bio‐nanotherapy are provided.