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Hypothesis awareness confounds asynchronous control conditions in indirect measures of the rubber hand illusion

Reports of changes in experiences of body location and ownership following synchronous tactile and visual stimulation of fake and real hands (rubber hand (RH) effects) are widely attributed to multisensory integration mechanisms. However, existing control methods for subjective report measures (asyn...

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Autores principales: Lush, P., Seth, A. K., Dienes, Z.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8564603/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34737876
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210911
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author Lush, P.
Seth, A. K.
Dienes, Z.
author_facet Lush, P.
Seth, A. K.
Dienes, Z.
author_sort Lush, P.
collection PubMed
description Reports of changes in experiences of body location and ownership following synchronous tactile and visual stimulation of fake and real hands (rubber hand (RH) effects) are widely attributed to multisensory integration mechanisms. However, existing control methods for subjective report measures (asynchronous stroking and control statements) are confounded by participant hypothesis awareness; the report may reflect response to demand characteristics. Subjective report is often accompanied by indirect (also called ‘objective’ or ‘implicit’) measures. Here, we report tests of expectancies for synchronous ‘illusion’ and asynchronous ‘control’ conditions across two pre-registered studies (n = 140 and n = 45) for two indirect measures: proprioceptive drift (a change in perceived hand location) and skin conductance response (a measure of physiological arousal). Expectancies for synchronous condition measures were greater than for asynchronous conditions in both studies. Differences between synchronous and asynchronous control condition measures are therefore confounded by hypothesis awareness. This means indirect measures of RH effects may reflect compliance, bias and phenomenological control in response to demand characteristics, just as for subjective measures. Valid control measures are required to support claims of a role of multisensory integration for both direct and indirect measures of RH effects.
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spelling pubmed-85646032021-11-03 Hypothesis awareness confounds asynchronous control conditions in indirect measures of the rubber hand illusion Lush, P. Seth, A. K. Dienes, Z. R Soc Open Sci Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Reports of changes in experiences of body location and ownership following synchronous tactile and visual stimulation of fake and real hands (rubber hand (RH) effects) are widely attributed to multisensory integration mechanisms. However, existing control methods for subjective report measures (asynchronous stroking and control statements) are confounded by participant hypothesis awareness; the report may reflect response to demand characteristics. Subjective report is often accompanied by indirect (also called ‘objective’ or ‘implicit’) measures. Here, we report tests of expectancies for synchronous ‘illusion’ and asynchronous ‘control’ conditions across two pre-registered studies (n = 140 and n = 45) for two indirect measures: proprioceptive drift (a change in perceived hand location) and skin conductance response (a measure of physiological arousal). Expectancies for synchronous condition measures were greater than for asynchronous conditions in both studies. Differences between synchronous and asynchronous control condition measures are therefore confounded by hypothesis awareness. This means indirect measures of RH effects may reflect compliance, bias and phenomenological control in response to demand characteristics, just as for subjective measures. Valid control measures are required to support claims of a role of multisensory integration for both direct and indirect measures of RH effects. The Royal Society 2021-11-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8564603/ /pubmed/34737876 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210911 Text en © 2021 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience
Lush, P.
Seth, A. K.
Dienes, Z.
Hypothesis awareness confounds asynchronous control conditions in indirect measures of the rubber hand illusion
title Hypothesis awareness confounds asynchronous control conditions in indirect measures of the rubber hand illusion
title_full Hypothesis awareness confounds asynchronous control conditions in indirect measures of the rubber hand illusion
title_fullStr Hypothesis awareness confounds asynchronous control conditions in indirect measures of the rubber hand illusion
title_full_unstemmed Hypothesis awareness confounds asynchronous control conditions in indirect measures of the rubber hand illusion
title_short Hypothesis awareness confounds asynchronous control conditions in indirect measures of the rubber hand illusion
title_sort hypothesis awareness confounds asynchronous control conditions in indirect measures of the rubber hand illusion
topic Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8564603/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34737876
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210911
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