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Detecting Parkinson Disease Using a Web-Based Speech Task: Observational Study
BACKGROUND: Access to neurological care for Parkinson disease (PD) is a rare privilege for millions of people worldwide, especially in resource-limited countries. In 2013, there were just 1200 neurologists in India for a population of 1.3 billion people; in Africa, the average population per neurolo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
JMIR Publications
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8564663/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34665148 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26305 |
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author | Rahman, Wasifur Lee, Sangwu Islam, Md Saiful Antony, Victor Nikhil Ratnu, Harshil Ali, Mohammad Rafayet Mamun, Abdullah Al Wagner, Ellen Jensen-Roberts, Stella Waddell, Emma Myers, Taylor Pawlik, Meghan Soto, Julia Coffey, Madeleine Sarkar, Aayush Schneider, Ruth Tarolli, Christopher Lizarraga, Karlo Adams, Jamie Little, Max A Dorsey, E Ray Hoque, Ehsan |
author_facet | Rahman, Wasifur Lee, Sangwu Islam, Md Saiful Antony, Victor Nikhil Ratnu, Harshil Ali, Mohammad Rafayet Mamun, Abdullah Al Wagner, Ellen Jensen-Roberts, Stella Waddell, Emma Myers, Taylor Pawlik, Meghan Soto, Julia Coffey, Madeleine Sarkar, Aayush Schneider, Ruth Tarolli, Christopher Lizarraga, Karlo Adams, Jamie Little, Max A Dorsey, E Ray Hoque, Ehsan |
author_sort | Rahman, Wasifur |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Access to neurological care for Parkinson disease (PD) is a rare privilege for millions of people worldwide, especially in resource-limited countries. In 2013, there were just 1200 neurologists in India for a population of 1.3 billion people; in Africa, the average population per neurologist exceeds 3.3 million people. In contrast, 60,000 people receive a diagnosis of PD every year in the United States alone, and similar patterns of rising PD cases—fueled mostly by environmental pollution and an aging population—can be seen worldwide. The current projection of more than 12 million patients with PD worldwide by 2040 is only part of the picture given that more than 20% of patients with PD remain undiagnosed. Timely diagnosis and frequent assessment are key to ensure timely and appropriate medical intervention, thus improving the quality of life of patients with PD. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we propose a web-based framework that can help anyone anywhere around the world record a short speech task and analyze the recorded data to screen for PD. METHODS: We collected data from 726 unique participants (PD: 262/726, 36.1% were women; non-PD: 464/726, 63.9% were women; average age 61 years) from all over the United States and beyond. A small portion of the data (approximately 54/726, 7.4%) was collected in a laboratory setting to compare the performance of the models trained with noisy home environment data against high-quality laboratory-environment data. The participants were instructed to utter a popular pangram containing all the letters in the English alphabet, “the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.” We extracted both standard acoustic features (mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and jitter and shimmer variants) and deep learning–based embedding features from the speech data. Using these features, we trained several machine learning algorithms. We also applied model interpretation techniques such as Shapley additive explanations to ascertain the importance of each feature in determining the model’s output. RESULTS: We achieved an area under the curve of 0.753 for determining the presence of self-reported PD by modeling the standard acoustic features through the XGBoost—a gradient-boosted decision tree model. Further analysis revealed that the widely used mel-frequency cepstral coefficient features and a subset of previously validated dysphonia features designed for detecting PD from a verbal phonation task (pronouncing “ahh”) influence the model’s decision the most. CONCLUSIONS: Our model performed equally well on data collected in a controlled laboratory environment and in the wild across different gender and age groups. Using this tool, we can collect data from almost anyone anywhere with an audio-enabled device and help the participants screen for PD remotely, contributing to equity and access in neurological care. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8564663 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | JMIR Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85646632021-11-17 Detecting Parkinson Disease Using a Web-Based Speech Task: Observational Study Rahman, Wasifur Lee, Sangwu Islam, Md Saiful Antony, Victor Nikhil Ratnu, Harshil Ali, Mohammad Rafayet Mamun, Abdullah Al Wagner, Ellen Jensen-Roberts, Stella Waddell, Emma Myers, Taylor Pawlik, Meghan Soto, Julia Coffey, Madeleine Sarkar, Aayush Schneider, Ruth Tarolli, Christopher Lizarraga, Karlo Adams, Jamie Little, Max A Dorsey, E Ray Hoque, Ehsan J Med Internet Res Original Paper BACKGROUND: Access to neurological care for Parkinson disease (PD) is a rare privilege for millions of people worldwide, especially in resource-limited countries. In 2013, there were just 1200 neurologists in India for a population of 1.3 billion people; in Africa, the average population per neurologist exceeds 3.3 million people. In contrast, 60,000 people receive a diagnosis of PD every year in the United States alone, and similar patterns of rising PD cases—fueled mostly by environmental pollution and an aging population—can be seen worldwide. The current projection of more than 12 million patients with PD worldwide by 2040 is only part of the picture given that more than 20% of patients with PD remain undiagnosed. Timely diagnosis and frequent assessment are key to ensure timely and appropriate medical intervention, thus improving the quality of life of patients with PD. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we propose a web-based framework that can help anyone anywhere around the world record a short speech task and analyze the recorded data to screen for PD. METHODS: We collected data from 726 unique participants (PD: 262/726, 36.1% were women; non-PD: 464/726, 63.9% were women; average age 61 years) from all over the United States and beyond. A small portion of the data (approximately 54/726, 7.4%) was collected in a laboratory setting to compare the performance of the models trained with noisy home environment data against high-quality laboratory-environment data. The participants were instructed to utter a popular pangram containing all the letters in the English alphabet, “the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.” We extracted both standard acoustic features (mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and jitter and shimmer variants) and deep learning–based embedding features from the speech data. Using these features, we trained several machine learning algorithms. We also applied model interpretation techniques such as Shapley additive explanations to ascertain the importance of each feature in determining the model’s output. RESULTS: We achieved an area under the curve of 0.753 for determining the presence of self-reported PD by modeling the standard acoustic features through the XGBoost—a gradient-boosted decision tree model. Further analysis revealed that the widely used mel-frequency cepstral coefficient features and a subset of previously validated dysphonia features designed for detecting PD from a verbal phonation task (pronouncing “ahh”) influence the model’s decision the most. CONCLUSIONS: Our model performed equally well on data collected in a controlled laboratory environment and in the wild across different gender and age groups. Using this tool, we can collect data from almost anyone anywhere with an audio-enabled device and help the participants screen for PD remotely, contributing to equity and access in neurological care. JMIR Publications 2021-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8564663/ /pubmed/34665148 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26305 Text en ©Wasifur Rahman, Sangwu Lee, Md Saiful Islam, Victor Nikhil Antony, Harshil Ratnu, Mohammad Rafayet Ali, Abdullah Al Mamun, Ellen Wagner, Stella Jensen-Roberts, Emma Waddell, Taylor Myers, Meghan Pawlik, Julia Soto, Madeleine Coffey, Aayush Sarkar, Ruth Schneider, Christopher Tarolli, Karlo Lizarraga, Jamie Adams, Max A Little, E Ray Dorsey, Ehsan Hoque. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 19.10.2021. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included. |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Rahman, Wasifur Lee, Sangwu Islam, Md Saiful Antony, Victor Nikhil Ratnu, Harshil Ali, Mohammad Rafayet Mamun, Abdullah Al Wagner, Ellen Jensen-Roberts, Stella Waddell, Emma Myers, Taylor Pawlik, Meghan Soto, Julia Coffey, Madeleine Sarkar, Aayush Schneider, Ruth Tarolli, Christopher Lizarraga, Karlo Adams, Jamie Little, Max A Dorsey, E Ray Hoque, Ehsan Detecting Parkinson Disease Using a Web-Based Speech Task: Observational Study |
title | Detecting Parkinson Disease Using a Web-Based Speech Task: Observational Study |
title_full | Detecting Parkinson Disease Using a Web-Based Speech Task: Observational Study |
title_fullStr | Detecting Parkinson Disease Using a Web-Based Speech Task: Observational Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Detecting Parkinson Disease Using a Web-Based Speech Task: Observational Study |
title_short | Detecting Parkinson Disease Using a Web-Based Speech Task: Observational Study |
title_sort | detecting parkinson disease using a web-based speech task: observational study |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8564663/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34665148 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26305 |
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