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Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016
Epidemiological data about determinants of influenza A virus (IAV) in the Pakistani population is scarce. We aimed to conduct a prospective hospital-based active surveillance study from October 2015 to May 2016 to identify potential risk factors associated with IAV infection among patients with infl...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8566087/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34745395 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2460553 |
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author | Hasan, Saima Iqbal, Muhammad Webby, Richard J. DeBeauchamp, Jennifer Rashid, Hamad Bin Ahmad, Mansur-ud-Din Nazir, Jawad Sadiq, Shakera Khan, Abdul Waheed Chaudhry, Mamoona |
author_facet | Hasan, Saima Iqbal, Muhammad Webby, Richard J. DeBeauchamp, Jennifer Rashid, Hamad Bin Ahmad, Mansur-ud-Din Nazir, Jawad Sadiq, Shakera Khan, Abdul Waheed Chaudhry, Mamoona |
author_sort | Hasan, Saima |
collection | PubMed |
description | Epidemiological data about determinants of influenza A virus (IAV) in the Pakistani population is scarce. We aimed to conduct a prospective hospital-based active surveillance study from October 2015 to May 2016 to identify potential risk factors associated with IAV infection among patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI). Surveillance was conducted in Lahore General Hospital, selected as a sentinel site in Lahore District, Pakistan. Nasal/throat samples were collected along with epidemiological and clinical data from enrolled patients. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was performed to identify IAV and its subtypes (H1N1pdm09, H3N2). Data were analyzed to determine risk factors and risk markers associated with IAV infections. A total of 311 suspected ILI and SARI cases were enrolled in the study, and among these 50 were IAV-positive. Of these 50 confirmed cases of IAV, 14 were subtyped as H1N1pdm09 and 15 were H3N2; the remaining 21 were untyped. A final multivariable model identified four independent risk factors/markers for IAV infection: exposure history to ILI patients within last 7 days and gender being male were identified as risk factors of IAV infection, while use of antibiotics prior to hospital consultation and presence of fever were identified as risk markers. We concluded that adopting nonpharmaceutical interventions like hand hygiene, masks, social distancing, and where possible, avoiding identified risk factors could decrease the risk of IAV infection and may prevent imminent outbreaks of IAV in the community. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8566087 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85660872021-11-04 Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016 Hasan, Saima Iqbal, Muhammad Webby, Richard J. DeBeauchamp, Jennifer Rashid, Hamad Bin Ahmad, Mansur-ud-Din Nazir, Jawad Sadiq, Shakera Khan, Abdul Waheed Chaudhry, Mamoona Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol Research Article Epidemiological data about determinants of influenza A virus (IAV) in the Pakistani population is scarce. We aimed to conduct a prospective hospital-based active surveillance study from October 2015 to May 2016 to identify potential risk factors associated with IAV infection among patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI). Surveillance was conducted in Lahore General Hospital, selected as a sentinel site in Lahore District, Pakistan. Nasal/throat samples were collected along with epidemiological and clinical data from enrolled patients. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was performed to identify IAV and its subtypes (H1N1pdm09, H3N2). Data were analyzed to determine risk factors and risk markers associated with IAV infections. A total of 311 suspected ILI and SARI cases were enrolled in the study, and among these 50 were IAV-positive. Of these 50 confirmed cases of IAV, 14 were subtyped as H1N1pdm09 and 15 were H3N2; the remaining 21 were untyped. A final multivariable model identified four independent risk factors/markers for IAV infection: exposure history to ILI patients within last 7 days and gender being male were identified as risk factors of IAV infection, while use of antibiotics prior to hospital consultation and presence of fever were identified as risk markers. We concluded that adopting nonpharmaceutical interventions like hand hygiene, masks, social distancing, and where possible, avoiding identified risk factors could decrease the risk of IAV infection and may prevent imminent outbreaks of IAV in the community. Hindawi 2021-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8566087/ /pubmed/34745395 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2460553 Text en Copyright © 2021 Saima Hasan et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Hasan, Saima Iqbal, Muhammad Webby, Richard J. DeBeauchamp, Jennifer Rashid, Hamad Bin Ahmad, Mansur-ud-Din Nazir, Jawad Sadiq, Shakera Khan, Abdul Waheed Chaudhry, Mamoona Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016 |
title | Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016 |
title_full | Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016 |
title_fullStr | Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016 |
title_full_unstemmed | Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016 |
title_short | Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016 |
title_sort | risk factors of influenza-associated respiratory illnesses reported to a sentinel hospital of lahore, pakistan: 2015-2016 |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8566087/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34745395 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2460553 |
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