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Deiodinases and the Three Types of Thyroid Hormone Deiodination Reactions

Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is strictly regulated by iodothyronine deiodinase activity, which both preserves the circulating levels of the biologically active triiodothyronine (T3) and regulates TH homeostasis at the local level, in a cell- and time-dependent manner. Three deiodinases have been i...

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Autores principales: Sabatino, Laura, Vassalle, Cristina, Del Seppia, Cristina, Iervasi, Giorgio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Endocrine Society 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8566136/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34674502
http://dx.doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1198
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author Sabatino, Laura
Vassalle, Cristina
Del Seppia, Cristina
Iervasi, Giorgio
author_facet Sabatino, Laura
Vassalle, Cristina
Del Seppia, Cristina
Iervasi, Giorgio
author_sort Sabatino, Laura
collection PubMed
description Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is strictly regulated by iodothyronine deiodinase activity, which both preserves the circulating levels of the biologically active triiodothyronine (T3) and regulates TH homeostasis at the local level, in a cell- and time-dependent manner. Three deiodinases have been identified—namely iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (DIO1), DIO2, and DIO3—that differ in their catalytic properties and tissue distribution. The deiodinases represent a dynamic system that changes in the different stages of life according to their functions and roles in various cell types and tissues. Deiodinase activity at the tissue level permits cell-targeted fine regulation of TH homeostasis, mediating the activation (DIO1 and DIO2) and inactivation (DIO3) of THs. Deiodinase homeostasis is the driving force that leads T3-target cells towards customized TH signaling, which takes into account both the hormonal circulating levels and the tissue-specific response. This review analyzes the complex role of deiodinases in physiological and pathological contexts, exploring new challenges and opportunities deriving from a deeper knowledge of the dynamics underlying their roles and functions.
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spelling pubmed-85661362021-11-18 Deiodinases and the Three Types of Thyroid Hormone Deiodination Reactions Sabatino, Laura Vassalle, Cristina Del Seppia, Cristina Iervasi, Giorgio Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) Review Article Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is strictly regulated by iodothyronine deiodinase activity, which both preserves the circulating levels of the biologically active triiodothyronine (T3) and regulates TH homeostasis at the local level, in a cell- and time-dependent manner. Three deiodinases have been identified—namely iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (DIO1), DIO2, and DIO3—that differ in their catalytic properties and tissue distribution. The deiodinases represent a dynamic system that changes in the different stages of life according to their functions and roles in various cell types and tissues. Deiodinase activity at the tissue level permits cell-targeted fine regulation of TH homeostasis, mediating the activation (DIO1 and DIO2) and inactivation (DIO3) of THs. Deiodinase homeostasis is the driving force that leads T3-target cells towards customized TH signaling, which takes into account both the hormonal circulating levels and the tissue-specific response. This review analyzes the complex role of deiodinases in physiological and pathological contexts, exploring new challenges and opportunities deriving from a deeper knowledge of the dynamics underlying their roles and functions. Korean Endocrine Society 2021-10 2021-10-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8566136/ /pubmed/34674502 http://dx.doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1198 Text en Copyright © 2021 Korean Endocrine Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Sabatino, Laura
Vassalle, Cristina
Del Seppia, Cristina
Iervasi, Giorgio
Deiodinases and the Three Types of Thyroid Hormone Deiodination Reactions
title Deiodinases and the Three Types of Thyroid Hormone Deiodination Reactions
title_full Deiodinases and the Three Types of Thyroid Hormone Deiodination Reactions
title_fullStr Deiodinases and the Three Types of Thyroid Hormone Deiodination Reactions
title_full_unstemmed Deiodinases and the Three Types of Thyroid Hormone Deiodination Reactions
title_short Deiodinases and the Three Types of Thyroid Hormone Deiodination Reactions
title_sort deiodinases and the three types of thyroid hormone deiodination reactions
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8566136/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34674502
http://dx.doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1198
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