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Thymic B Cells as a New Player in the Type 1 Diabetes Response
Type 1 diabetes (T1d) results from a sustained autoreactive T and B cell response towards insulin-producing β cells in the islets of Langerhans. The autoreactive nature of the condition has led to many investigations addressing the genetic or cellular changes in primary lymphoid tissues that impairs...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8566354/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34745148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.772017 |
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author | Greaves, Richard B. Chen, Dawei Green, E. Allison |
author_facet | Greaves, Richard B. Chen, Dawei Green, E. Allison |
author_sort | Greaves, Richard B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Type 1 diabetes (T1d) results from a sustained autoreactive T and B cell response towards insulin-producing β cells in the islets of Langerhans. The autoreactive nature of the condition has led to many investigations addressing the genetic or cellular changes in primary lymphoid tissues that impairs central tolerance- a key process in the deletion of autoreactive T and B cells during their development. For T cells, these studies have largely focused on medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) critical for the effective negative selection of autoreactive T cells in the thymus. Recently, a new cellular player that impacts positively or negatively on the deletion of autoreactive T cells during their development has come to light, thymic B cells. Normally a small population within the thymus of mouse and man, thymic B cells expand in T1d as well as other autoimmune conditions, reside in thymic ectopic germinal centres and secrete autoantibodies that bind selective mTECs precipitating mTEC death. In this review we will discuss the ontogeny, characteristics and functionality of thymic B cells in healthy and autoimmune settings. Furthermore, we explore how in silico approaches may help decipher the complex cellular interplay of thymic B cells with other cells within the thymic microenvironment leading to new avenues for therapeutic intervention. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8566354 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85663542021-11-05 Thymic B Cells as a New Player in the Type 1 Diabetes Response Greaves, Richard B. Chen, Dawei Green, E. Allison Front Immunol Immunology Type 1 diabetes (T1d) results from a sustained autoreactive T and B cell response towards insulin-producing β cells in the islets of Langerhans. The autoreactive nature of the condition has led to many investigations addressing the genetic or cellular changes in primary lymphoid tissues that impairs central tolerance- a key process in the deletion of autoreactive T and B cells during their development. For T cells, these studies have largely focused on medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) critical for the effective negative selection of autoreactive T cells in the thymus. Recently, a new cellular player that impacts positively or negatively on the deletion of autoreactive T cells during their development has come to light, thymic B cells. Normally a small population within the thymus of mouse and man, thymic B cells expand in T1d as well as other autoimmune conditions, reside in thymic ectopic germinal centres and secrete autoantibodies that bind selective mTECs precipitating mTEC death. In this review we will discuss the ontogeny, characteristics and functionality of thymic B cells in healthy and autoimmune settings. Furthermore, we explore how in silico approaches may help decipher the complex cellular interplay of thymic B cells with other cells within the thymic microenvironment leading to new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8566354/ /pubmed/34745148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.772017 Text en Copyright © 2021 Greaves, Chen and Green https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Greaves, Richard B. Chen, Dawei Green, E. Allison Thymic B Cells as a New Player in the Type 1 Diabetes Response |
title | Thymic B Cells as a New Player in the Type 1 Diabetes Response |
title_full | Thymic B Cells as a New Player in the Type 1 Diabetes Response |
title_fullStr | Thymic B Cells as a New Player in the Type 1 Diabetes Response |
title_full_unstemmed | Thymic B Cells as a New Player in the Type 1 Diabetes Response |
title_short | Thymic B Cells as a New Player in the Type 1 Diabetes Response |
title_sort | thymic b cells as a new player in the type 1 diabetes response |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8566354/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34745148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.772017 |
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