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Cognitive Impairment and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cognitive impairment is not only common but may also act as a precursor for dementia. Moreover, diabetes mellitus has been shown to promote the progression of dementia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its associated risk factors among the elderly patients havi...

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Autores principales: Suain Bon, Rosnadia, Ariaratnam, Suthahar, Mat Saher, Zanariah, Mohamad, Mariam, Lee, Fatt Soon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8567026/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34744807
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669725
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author Suain Bon, Rosnadia
Ariaratnam, Suthahar
Mat Saher, Zanariah
Mohamad, Mariam
Lee, Fatt Soon
author_facet Suain Bon, Rosnadia
Ariaratnam, Suthahar
Mat Saher, Zanariah
Mohamad, Mariam
Lee, Fatt Soon
author_sort Suain Bon, Rosnadia
collection PubMed
description Cognitive impairment is not only common but may also act as a precursor for dementia. Moreover, diabetes mellitus has been shown to promote the progression of dementia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its associated risk factors among the elderly patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This is a cross-sectional study involving 113 participants who were attending the physician clinic. The participants were selected using the universal sampling method. The tools included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatry Interview. Descriptive analysis was performed and followed by multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of cognitive impairment, depressive disorder, and anxiety disorder was 46.9, 10.6, and 2.7%, respectively. Indians (aOR = 4.90, 95% CI = 1.57–15.27) as well as participants who had completed their secondary (aOR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.12–0.96) and tertiary (aOR = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.01–0.26) levels of education were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was high as well as significantly associated with the ethnicity and education levels of the elderly participants. Indeed both secondary and tertiary education decreased the odds ratio of developing cognitive impairment when compared with no formal and primary education. To determine and reduce the potential risk factors which contribute to cognitive impairment, an early diagnosis of T2DM is crucial. The early detection and treatment of T2DM as well as its associated risk factors are key factors in protecting against cognitive impairment.
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spelling pubmed-85670262021-11-05 Cognitive Impairment and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Suain Bon, Rosnadia Ariaratnam, Suthahar Mat Saher, Zanariah Mohamad, Mariam Lee, Fatt Soon Front Psychiatry Psychiatry Cognitive impairment is not only common but may also act as a precursor for dementia. Moreover, diabetes mellitus has been shown to promote the progression of dementia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its associated risk factors among the elderly patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This is a cross-sectional study involving 113 participants who were attending the physician clinic. The participants were selected using the universal sampling method. The tools included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatry Interview. Descriptive analysis was performed and followed by multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of cognitive impairment, depressive disorder, and anxiety disorder was 46.9, 10.6, and 2.7%, respectively. Indians (aOR = 4.90, 95% CI = 1.57–15.27) as well as participants who had completed their secondary (aOR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.12–0.96) and tertiary (aOR = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.01–0.26) levels of education were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was high as well as significantly associated with the ethnicity and education levels of the elderly participants. Indeed both secondary and tertiary education decreased the odds ratio of developing cognitive impairment when compared with no formal and primary education. To determine and reduce the potential risk factors which contribute to cognitive impairment, an early diagnosis of T2DM is crucial. The early detection and treatment of T2DM as well as its associated risk factors are key factors in protecting against cognitive impairment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8567026/ /pubmed/34744807 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669725 Text en Copyright © 2021 Suain Bon, Ariaratnam, Mat Saher, Mohamad and Lee. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychiatry
Suain Bon, Rosnadia
Ariaratnam, Suthahar
Mat Saher, Zanariah
Mohamad, Mariam
Lee, Fatt Soon
Cognitive Impairment and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title Cognitive Impairment and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_full Cognitive Impairment and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_fullStr Cognitive Impairment and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_full_unstemmed Cognitive Impairment and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_short Cognitive Impairment and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_sort cognitive impairment and its associated risk factors in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus
topic Psychiatry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8567026/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34744807
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669725
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