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How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns
BACKGROUND: Based on the relatively homogeneous origin of the sheep breeds in Morocco that originate mainly from Iberia, it is highly relevant to address the question of how these very diverse sheep populations differentiated from each other. The Mountains of the High Atlas and Middle Atlas are expe...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8567669/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34736399 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12711-021-00679-2 |
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author | Kandoussi, Asmae Badaoui, Bouabid Boujenane, Ismaïl Piro, Mohammed Petit, Daniel |
author_facet | Kandoussi, Asmae Badaoui, Bouabid Boujenane, Ismaïl Piro, Mohammed Petit, Daniel |
author_sort | Kandoussi, Asmae |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Based on the relatively homogeneous origin of the sheep breeds in Morocco that originate mainly from Iberia, it is highly relevant to address the question of how these very diverse sheep populations differentiated from each other. The Mountains of the High Atlas and Middle Atlas are expected to constitute North–South and West–East geographical barriers, respectively, which could have shaped the history of the differentiation of sheep breeds. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by considering the genetic structure and the spatial distribution of five major breeds (Sardi, Timahdite, Beni Guil, Boujaad and D’man) and one minor breed (Blanche de Montagne), by analysing the mtDNA control region, using 30 individuals per breed. RESULTS: Phylogenetic and network analyses did not indicate any clear separation among the studied breeds and discriminant component principal analysis showed some overlap between them, which indicates a common genetic background. The calculated pairwise F(ST) values and Nei’s genetic distances revealed that most breeds showed a moderate genetic differentiation. The lowest and highest degrees of differentiation were retrieved in the Beni Guil and Boujaad breeds, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that more than 95% of the genetic diversity occurs within individuals, while between- and within-population variabilities represent only 1.332% and 2.881%, respectively. Isolation-by-distance, spatial Principal Component Analysis (sPCA), and spatial AMOVA analyses evidenced clear examples of geographical structuration among the breeds, both between and within breeds. However, several enigmatic relationships remain, which suggest the occurrence of complex events leading to breed differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: The approaches used here resulted in a convergent view on the hypothetic events that could have led to the progressive differentiation between the Moroccan breeds. The major split seems to be linked to the West–East barrier of the Middle Atlas, whereas the influence of the High Atlas is less obvious and incompletely resolved. The study of additional breeds that have settled near the High Atlas should clarify the relationships between the breeds of the West part of the country, in spite of their small population size. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-021-00679-2. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8567669 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85676692021-11-04 How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns Kandoussi, Asmae Badaoui, Bouabid Boujenane, Ismaïl Piro, Mohammed Petit, Daniel Genet Sel Evol Research Article BACKGROUND: Based on the relatively homogeneous origin of the sheep breeds in Morocco that originate mainly from Iberia, it is highly relevant to address the question of how these very diverse sheep populations differentiated from each other. The Mountains of the High Atlas and Middle Atlas are expected to constitute North–South and West–East geographical barriers, respectively, which could have shaped the history of the differentiation of sheep breeds. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by considering the genetic structure and the spatial distribution of five major breeds (Sardi, Timahdite, Beni Guil, Boujaad and D’man) and one minor breed (Blanche de Montagne), by analysing the mtDNA control region, using 30 individuals per breed. RESULTS: Phylogenetic and network analyses did not indicate any clear separation among the studied breeds and discriminant component principal analysis showed some overlap between them, which indicates a common genetic background. The calculated pairwise F(ST) values and Nei’s genetic distances revealed that most breeds showed a moderate genetic differentiation. The lowest and highest degrees of differentiation were retrieved in the Beni Guil and Boujaad breeds, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that more than 95% of the genetic diversity occurs within individuals, while between- and within-population variabilities represent only 1.332% and 2.881%, respectively. Isolation-by-distance, spatial Principal Component Analysis (sPCA), and spatial AMOVA analyses evidenced clear examples of geographical structuration among the breeds, both between and within breeds. However, several enigmatic relationships remain, which suggest the occurrence of complex events leading to breed differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: The approaches used here resulted in a convergent view on the hypothetic events that could have led to the progressive differentiation between the Moroccan breeds. The major split seems to be linked to the West–East barrier of the Middle Atlas, whereas the influence of the High Atlas is less obvious and incompletely resolved. The study of additional breeds that have settled near the High Atlas should clarify the relationships between the breeds of the West part of the country, in spite of their small population size. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-021-00679-2. BioMed Central 2021-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8567669/ /pubmed/34736399 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12711-021-00679-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kandoussi, Asmae Badaoui, Bouabid Boujenane, Ismaïl Piro, Mohammed Petit, Daniel How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns |
title | How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns |
title_full | How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns |
title_fullStr | How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns |
title_full_unstemmed | How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns |
title_short | How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns |
title_sort | how have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in morocco? genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8567669/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34736399 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12711-021-00679-2 |
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