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Safflower Polysaccharide Inhibits AOM/DSS-Induced Mice Colorectal Cancer Through the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization
Safflower polysaccharide (SPS) is one of the active fractions extracted from safflower petals (Carthamus tinctorius L.) which has been reported to possess antitumor and immune control roles. However, its antitumor mechanisms by regulating the immune pathway remain barely understood. In this study, a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8569377/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34744741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.761641 |
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author | Wang, Qun Huang, Yun Jia, Min Lu, Dong Zhang, Hong-Wei Huang, Dan Liu, San-Hong Lv, Chao |
author_facet | Wang, Qun Huang, Yun Jia, Min Lu, Dong Zhang, Hong-Wei Huang, Dan Liu, San-Hong Lv, Chao |
author_sort | Wang, Qun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Safflower polysaccharide (SPS) is one of the active fractions extracted from safflower petals (Carthamus tinctorius L.) which has been reported to possess antitumor and immune control roles. However, its antitumor mechanisms by regulating the immune pathway remain barely understood. In this study, a mouse model was established by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to evaluate the antitumor effect of SPS on colorectal cancer (CRC). The results showed that 50 mg/kg SPS-1, an active fraction isolated from SPS, could significantly inhibit CRC induced by AOM/DSS and changed the polarization of macrophages to the M1 phenotype. Meanwhile, SPS-1 treatment significantly alleviated the characteristic AOM/DSS-induced pathological symptoms, in terms of decreasing the nucleoplasmic ratio, nuclear polarity extinction, and gland hyperplasia. However, the results in vitro showed that SPS-1 did not directly inhibit the growth of CRC cells but could upregulate the NF-κB signal and trigger M1 macrophage transformation. Thus, the condition medium (CM) of Mφ pretreated with SPS-1 was used against CRC cells. As expected, SPS-1–activated Raw 264.7 markedly exhibited antitumor effects by inhibiting cell proliferation and suppressing cell colony formation. In addition, SPS-1–activated Raw 264.7 could also induce CRC cell apoptosis by upregulating the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO). Further results suggested that SPS-1–induced transition of the macrophage phenotype could be suppressed by an NF-κB inhibitor, PDTC. Moreover, SPS-1–activated Raw 264.7 inhibiting CRC cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis were also rescued by PDTC. Taken together, all results suggested that SPS-1 could be a therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of CRC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8569377 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85693772021-11-06 Safflower Polysaccharide Inhibits AOM/DSS-Induced Mice Colorectal Cancer Through the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization Wang, Qun Huang, Yun Jia, Min Lu, Dong Zhang, Hong-Wei Huang, Dan Liu, San-Hong Lv, Chao Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Safflower polysaccharide (SPS) is one of the active fractions extracted from safflower petals (Carthamus tinctorius L.) which has been reported to possess antitumor and immune control roles. However, its antitumor mechanisms by regulating the immune pathway remain barely understood. In this study, a mouse model was established by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to evaluate the antitumor effect of SPS on colorectal cancer (CRC). The results showed that 50 mg/kg SPS-1, an active fraction isolated from SPS, could significantly inhibit CRC induced by AOM/DSS and changed the polarization of macrophages to the M1 phenotype. Meanwhile, SPS-1 treatment significantly alleviated the characteristic AOM/DSS-induced pathological symptoms, in terms of decreasing the nucleoplasmic ratio, nuclear polarity extinction, and gland hyperplasia. However, the results in vitro showed that SPS-1 did not directly inhibit the growth of CRC cells but could upregulate the NF-κB signal and trigger M1 macrophage transformation. Thus, the condition medium (CM) of Mφ pretreated with SPS-1 was used against CRC cells. As expected, SPS-1–activated Raw 264.7 markedly exhibited antitumor effects by inhibiting cell proliferation and suppressing cell colony formation. In addition, SPS-1–activated Raw 264.7 could also induce CRC cell apoptosis by upregulating the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO). Further results suggested that SPS-1–induced transition of the macrophage phenotype could be suppressed by an NF-κB inhibitor, PDTC. Moreover, SPS-1–activated Raw 264.7 inhibiting CRC cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis were also rescued by PDTC. Taken together, all results suggested that SPS-1 could be a therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of CRC. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8569377/ /pubmed/34744741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.761641 Text en Copyright © 2021 Wang, Huang, Jia, Lu, Zhang, Huang, Liu and Lv. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Wang, Qun Huang, Yun Jia, Min Lu, Dong Zhang, Hong-Wei Huang, Dan Liu, San-Hong Lv, Chao Safflower Polysaccharide Inhibits AOM/DSS-Induced Mice Colorectal Cancer Through the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization |
title | Safflower Polysaccharide Inhibits AOM/DSS-Induced Mice Colorectal Cancer Through the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization |
title_full | Safflower Polysaccharide Inhibits AOM/DSS-Induced Mice Colorectal Cancer Through the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization |
title_fullStr | Safflower Polysaccharide Inhibits AOM/DSS-Induced Mice Colorectal Cancer Through the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization |
title_full_unstemmed | Safflower Polysaccharide Inhibits AOM/DSS-Induced Mice Colorectal Cancer Through the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization |
title_short | Safflower Polysaccharide Inhibits AOM/DSS-Induced Mice Colorectal Cancer Through the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization |
title_sort | safflower polysaccharide inhibits aom/dss-induced mice colorectal cancer through the regulation of macrophage polarization |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8569377/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34744741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.761641 |
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