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Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography

This study aims to determine the residual hexane in four edible oils in Malaysia using a simple, rapid, and automated method in order to improve the efficiency and productivity of the analysis. Gas chromatography (GC/FID) equipped with a headspace autosampler (HS-20) was used to perform the analysis...

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Autores principales: Samsuri, Azrul Hisyam, Ang, May Yen, Ng, Shean Yeaw
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8570895/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34745265
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1941336
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author Samsuri, Azrul Hisyam
Ang, May Yen
Ng, Shean Yeaw
author_facet Samsuri, Azrul Hisyam
Ang, May Yen
Ng, Shean Yeaw
author_sort Samsuri, Azrul Hisyam
collection PubMed
description This study aims to determine the residual hexane in four edible oils in Malaysia using a simple, rapid, and automated method in order to improve the efficiency and productivity of the analysis. Gas chromatography (GC/FID) equipped with a headspace autosampler (HS-20) was used to perform the analysis. Incubation time for each injection was successfully optimized from one hour to 30 minutes (50% reduction) compared to the official AOCS method Ca 3b-87. Out of the four tested edible oils, only the hexane residues detected in sunflower oil exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the European Union regulation. Significant difference of the results obtained between large calibration range (0–938 mg kg(−1)) and small calibration range (0–68 mg kg(−1)) suggests that there is a need to use a lower standard calibration concentration to avoid misinterpretation of analysis results. Method validation applies to the technical hexane; 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclopentane, the signal-to-noise (S/N), as well as the limit of quantification (LoQ) values was found to be 218.20, 221.45, 746.37, 97.37 and 0.85, 0.84, 0.25, 1.93 mg kg(−1), respectively. Good linearity, repeatability, and low carryover of this method have provided an alternative way to analyze the content of the residual hexane in edible oils in a more efficient manner. Current study might provide a fundamental reference for the improvement of the AOCS official Ca 3b-87 method for determination of hexane residues in fats and oils analysis in the future.
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spelling pubmed-85708952021-11-06 Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography Samsuri, Azrul Hisyam Ang, May Yen Ng, Shean Yeaw Int J Anal Chem Research Article This study aims to determine the residual hexane in four edible oils in Malaysia using a simple, rapid, and automated method in order to improve the efficiency and productivity of the analysis. Gas chromatography (GC/FID) equipped with a headspace autosampler (HS-20) was used to perform the analysis. Incubation time for each injection was successfully optimized from one hour to 30 minutes (50% reduction) compared to the official AOCS method Ca 3b-87. Out of the four tested edible oils, only the hexane residues detected in sunflower oil exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the European Union regulation. Significant difference of the results obtained between large calibration range (0–938 mg kg(−1)) and small calibration range (0–68 mg kg(−1)) suggests that there is a need to use a lower standard calibration concentration to avoid misinterpretation of analysis results. Method validation applies to the technical hexane; 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclopentane, the signal-to-noise (S/N), as well as the limit of quantification (LoQ) values was found to be 218.20, 221.45, 746.37, 97.37 and 0.85, 0.84, 0.25, 1.93 mg kg(−1), respectively. Good linearity, repeatability, and low carryover of this method have provided an alternative way to analyze the content of the residual hexane in edible oils in a more efficient manner. Current study might provide a fundamental reference for the improvement of the AOCS official Ca 3b-87 method for determination of hexane residues in fats and oils analysis in the future. Hindawi 2021-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8570895/ /pubmed/34745265 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1941336 Text en Copyright © 2021 Azrul Hisyam Samsuri et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Samsuri, Azrul Hisyam
Ang, May Yen
Ng, Shean Yeaw
Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography
title Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography
title_full Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography
title_fullStr Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography
title_short Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography
title_sort optimization of residual hexane in edible oils analysis using static headspace gas chromatography
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8570895/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34745265
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1941336
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