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Temporal changes in anthropogenic seismic noise levels associated with economic and leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Seismic ambient noise with frequencies > 1 Hz includes noise related to human activities. A reduction in seismic noise during the COVID-19 pandemic has been observed worldwide, as restrictions were imposed to control outbreaks of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this context, we studied the effect of cha...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8571339/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34741048 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00063-6 |
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author | Nimiya, Hiro Ikeda, Tatsunori Tsuji, Takeshi |
author_facet | Nimiya, Hiro Ikeda, Tatsunori Tsuji, Takeshi |
author_sort | Nimiya, Hiro |
collection | PubMed |
description | Seismic ambient noise with frequencies > 1 Hz includes noise related to human activities. A reduction in seismic noise during the COVID-19 pandemic has been observed worldwide, as restrictions were imposed to control outbreaks of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this context, we studied the effect of changes in anthropogenic activities during COVID-19 on the seismic noise levels in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan, considering time of day, day of the week, and seasonal changes. The results showed the largest reduction in noise levels during the first state of emergency under most conditions. After the first state of emergency was lifted, the daytime noise reverted to previous levels immediately on weekdays and gradually on Sundays. This was likely because economic activities instantly resumed, while non-essential outings on Sundays were still mostly avoided. Furthermore, the daytime noise level on Sundays was strongly reduced regardless of changes on weekdays after the second state of emergency, which restricted activities mainly at night. Sunday noise levels gradually increased from the middle of the second state of emergency, suggesting a gradual reduction in public concern about COVID-19 following a decrease in the number of infections. Our findings demonstrate that seismic noise can be used to monitor social activities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8571339 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85713392021-11-09 Temporal changes in anthropogenic seismic noise levels associated with economic and leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic Nimiya, Hiro Ikeda, Tatsunori Tsuji, Takeshi Sci Rep Article Seismic ambient noise with frequencies > 1 Hz includes noise related to human activities. A reduction in seismic noise during the COVID-19 pandemic has been observed worldwide, as restrictions were imposed to control outbreaks of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this context, we studied the effect of changes in anthropogenic activities during COVID-19 on the seismic noise levels in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan, considering time of day, day of the week, and seasonal changes. The results showed the largest reduction in noise levels during the first state of emergency under most conditions. After the first state of emergency was lifted, the daytime noise reverted to previous levels immediately on weekdays and gradually on Sundays. This was likely because economic activities instantly resumed, while non-essential outings on Sundays were still mostly avoided. Furthermore, the daytime noise level on Sundays was strongly reduced regardless of changes on weekdays after the second state of emergency, which restricted activities mainly at night. Sunday noise levels gradually increased from the middle of the second state of emergency, suggesting a gradual reduction in public concern about COVID-19 following a decrease in the number of infections. Our findings demonstrate that seismic noise can be used to monitor social activities. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8571339/ /pubmed/34741048 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00063-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Nimiya, Hiro Ikeda, Tatsunori Tsuji, Takeshi Temporal changes in anthropogenic seismic noise levels associated with economic and leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title | Temporal changes in anthropogenic seismic noise levels associated with economic and leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_full | Temporal changes in anthropogenic seismic noise levels associated with economic and leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_fullStr | Temporal changes in anthropogenic seismic noise levels associated with economic and leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_full_unstemmed | Temporal changes in anthropogenic seismic noise levels associated with economic and leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_short | Temporal changes in anthropogenic seismic noise levels associated with economic and leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_sort | temporal changes in anthropogenic seismic noise levels associated with economic and leisure activities during the covid-19 pandemic |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8571339/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34741048 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00063-6 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT nimiyahiro temporalchangesinanthropogenicseismicnoiselevelsassociatedwitheconomicandleisureactivitiesduringthecovid19pandemic AT ikedatatsunori temporalchangesinanthropogenicseismicnoiselevelsassociatedwitheconomicandleisureactivitiesduringthecovid19pandemic AT tsujitakeshi temporalchangesinanthropogenicseismicnoiselevelsassociatedwitheconomicandleisureactivitiesduringthecovid19pandemic |