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Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) exposure induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid, also known as GenX, is a poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). PFASs are nonvolatile synthetic substances that can be readily disseminated into the environment during processing and use, making them easy to implement in the soil, drinking water, and air. Co...

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Autores principales: Yoo, Hee Joon, Pyo, Min Cheol, Park, Yoonjin, Kim, Bo Yong, Lee, Kwang-Won
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8571496/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34765786
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08272
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author Yoo, Hee Joon
Pyo, Min Cheol
Park, Yoonjin
Kim, Bo Yong
Lee, Kwang-Won
author_facet Yoo, Hee Joon
Pyo, Min Cheol
Park, Yoonjin
Kim, Bo Yong
Lee, Kwang-Won
author_sort Yoo, Hee Joon
collection PubMed
description Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid, also known as GenX, is a poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). PFASs are nonvolatile synthetic substances that can be readily disseminated into the environment during processing and use, making them easy to implement in the soil, drinking water, and air. Compared to other PFASs, GenX has a comparatively short carbon chain length and is expected to have a lower tendency to accumulate in humans; therefore, GenX has recently been used as a substitute to other PFASs. However, the mechanisms underlying GenX action and intoxication in humans remains unclear. In this study, the apoptotic capacity of GenX in human liver cells was investigated. When representative human-derived liver cells (HepG2 cells) were treated with GenX for 12 h, cell viability was reduced, and apoptosis was greatly increased. In addition, GenX increased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), indicating the induction of oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. GenX treatment increased the expression of major apoptosis-related genes relative to the untreated control group. This research indicates that GenX causes apoptosis through ROS mediation in HepG2 cells, which may expand our knowledge of the molecular and toxicological mechanisms of GenX.
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spelling pubmed-85714962021-11-10 Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) exposure induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells Yoo, Hee Joon Pyo, Min Cheol Park, Yoonjin Kim, Bo Yong Lee, Kwang-Won Heliyon Research Article Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid, also known as GenX, is a poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). PFASs are nonvolatile synthetic substances that can be readily disseminated into the environment during processing and use, making them easy to implement in the soil, drinking water, and air. Compared to other PFASs, GenX has a comparatively short carbon chain length and is expected to have a lower tendency to accumulate in humans; therefore, GenX has recently been used as a substitute to other PFASs. However, the mechanisms underlying GenX action and intoxication in humans remains unclear. In this study, the apoptotic capacity of GenX in human liver cells was investigated. When representative human-derived liver cells (HepG2 cells) were treated with GenX for 12 h, cell viability was reduced, and apoptosis was greatly increased. In addition, GenX increased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), indicating the induction of oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. GenX treatment increased the expression of major apoptosis-related genes relative to the untreated control group. This research indicates that GenX causes apoptosis through ROS mediation in HepG2 cells, which may expand our knowledge of the molecular and toxicological mechanisms of GenX. Elsevier 2021-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8571496/ /pubmed/34765786 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08272 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Research Article
Yoo, Hee Joon
Pyo, Min Cheol
Park, Yoonjin
Kim, Bo Yong
Lee, Kwang-Won
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) exposure induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells
title Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) exposure induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells
title_full Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) exposure induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells
title_fullStr Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) exposure induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells
title_full_unstemmed Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) exposure induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells
title_short Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) exposure induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells
title_sort hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (genx) exposure induces apoptosis in hepg2 cells
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8571496/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34765786
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08272
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