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TOR senses and regulates spermidine metabolism during seedling establishment and growth in maize and Arabidopsis
Spermidine (Spd) is a nitrogen sink and signaling molecule that plays pivotal roles in eukaryotic cell growth and must be finetuned to meet various energy demands. In eukaryotes, target of rapamycin (TOR) is a central nutrient sensor, especially N, and a master-regulator of growth and development. H...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8571727/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34765910 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.103260 |
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author | Salazar-Díaz, Kenia Dong, Yihan Papdi, Csaba Ferruzca-Rubio, Ernesto Miguel Olea-Badillo, Grecia Ryabova, Lyubov A. Dinkova, Tzvetanka D. |
author_facet | Salazar-Díaz, Kenia Dong, Yihan Papdi, Csaba Ferruzca-Rubio, Ernesto Miguel Olea-Badillo, Grecia Ryabova, Lyubov A. Dinkova, Tzvetanka D. |
author_sort | Salazar-Díaz, Kenia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Spermidine (Spd) is a nitrogen sink and signaling molecule that plays pivotal roles in eukaryotic cell growth and must be finetuned to meet various energy demands. In eukaryotes, target of rapamycin (TOR) is a central nutrient sensor, especially N, and a master-regulator of growth and development. Here, we discovered that Spd stimulates the growth of maize and Arabidopsis seedlings through TOR signaling. Inhibition of Spd biosynthesis led to TOR inactivation and growth defects. Furthermore, disruption of a TOR complex partner RAPTOR1B abolished seedling growth stimulation by Spd. Strikingly, TOR activated by Spd promotes translation of key metabolic enzyme upstream open reading frame (uORF)-containing mRNAs, PAO and CuAO, by facilitating translation reinitiation and providing feedback to polyamine metabolism and TOR activation. The Spd-TOR relay protected young-age seedlings of maize from expeditious stress heat shock. Our results demonstrate Spd is an upstream effector of TOR kinase in planta and provide its potential application for crop protection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8571727 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85717272021-11-10 TOR senses and regulates spermidine metabolism during seedling establishment and growth in maize and Arabidopsis Salazar-Díaz, Kenia Dong, Yihan Papdi, Csaba Ferruzca-Rubio, Ernesto Miguel Olea-Badillo, Grecia Ryabova, Lyubov A. Dinkova, Tzvetanka D. iScience Article Spermidine (Spd) is a nitrogen sink and signaling molecule that plays pivotal roles in eukaryotic cell growth and must be finetuned to meet various energy demands. In eukaryotes, target of rapamycin (TOR) is a central nutrient sensor, especially N, and a master-regulator of growth and development. Here, we discovered that Spd stimulates the growth of maize and Arabidopsis seedlings through TOR signaling. Inhibition of Spd biosynthesis led to TOR inactivation and growth defects. Furthermore, disruption of a TOR complex partner RAPTOR1B abolished seedling growth stimulation by Spd. Strikingly, TOR activated by Spd promotes translation of key metabolic enzyme upstream open reading frame (uORF)-containing mRNAs, PAO and CuAO, by facilitating translation reinitiation and providing feedback to polyamine metabolism and TOR activation. The Spd-TOR relay protected young-age seedlings of maize from expeditious stress heat shock. Our results demonstrate Spd is an upstream effector of TOR kinase in planta and provide its potential application for crop protection. Elsevier 2021-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8571727/ /pubmed/34765910 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.103260 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Salazar-Díaz, Kenia Dong, Yihan Papdi, Csaba Ferruzca-Rubio, Ernesto Miguel Olea-Badillo, Grecia Ryabova, Lyubov A. Dinkova, Tzvetanka D. TOR senses and regulates spermidine metabolism during seedling establishment and growth in maize and Arabidopsis |
title | TOR senses and regulates spermidine metabolism during seedling establishment and growth in maize and Arabidopsis |
title_full | TOR senses and regulates spermidine metabolism during seedling establishment and growth in maize and Arabidopsis |
title_fullStr | TOR senses and regulates spermidine metabolism during seedling establishment and growth in maize and Arabidopsis |
title_full_unstemmed | TOR senses and regulates spermidine metabolism during seedling establishment and growth in maize and Arabidopsis |
title_short | TOR senses and regulates spermidine metabolism during seedling establishment and growth in maize and Arabidopsis |
title_sort | tor senses and regulates spermidine metabolism during seedling establishment and growth in maize and arabidopsis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8571727/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34765910 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.103260 |
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