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Clinical Presentation of a COVID-19 Delta Variant Patient: Case Report and Literature Review

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which can lead to difficulty breathing. Many cases require mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit management. The need for mechanical ventilation...

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Autores principales: Chohan, Farah, Ishak, Angela, Alderette, Tyler, Rad, Pedram, Michel, George
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8572535/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34765363
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.18603
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author Chohan, Farah
Ishak, Angela
Alderette, Tyler
Rad, Pedram
Michel, George
author_facet Chohan, Farah
Ishak, Angela
Alderette, Tyler
Rad, Pedram
Michel, George
author_sort Chohan, Farah
collection PubMed
description The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which can lead to difficulty breathing. Many cases require mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit management. The need for mechanical ventilation and ICU admission seems to be more evident in patients that were unvaccinated for COVID-19 at the time of admission. We discuss a case of a 63-year-old African-American woman who presented as a transfer to our hospital facility with acute hypoxic respiratory failure. She was already intubated and mechanically ventilated prior to her transfer. She had a one-week history of shortness of breath and cough productive of white, blood-tinged sputum. A two-day history of diarrhea was also reported before admission to the other hospital where she stayed for a week before transfer to our intensive care unit. She had no significant past medical history and was unvaccinated for COVID-19, and was suspected to be infected with the Delta strain of COVID-19. Her primary diagnosis at admission was COVID pneumonia and acute hypoxic respiratory failure. Her condition worsened over a period of one week. Chest X-Ray, at the time of arrival, showed bilateral patchy opacities consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia. After an extensive review of her labs and reports, the patient was attributed to be at a high risk for acute decompensation (or catastrophically ill), thus requiring critical care management. Over a course of 12 days, she was aggressively treated with antibiotics, steroids, remdesivir and tocilizumab. Her condition gradually deteriorated and she eventually passed away. It can be noted that most of the severe cases, especially ICU admissions, comprise people who are unvaccinated. We can safely conclude that although vaccination may not prevent re-infection, it does result in better clinical outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-85725352021-11-10 Clinical Presentation of a COVID-19 Delta Variant Patient: Case Report and Literature Review Chohan, Farah Ishak, Angela Alderette, Tyler Rad, Pedram Michel, George Cureus Internal Medicine The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which can lead to difficulty breathing. Many cases require mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit management. The need for mechanical ventilation and ICU admission seems to be more evident in patients that were unvaccinated for COVID-19 at the time of admission. We discuss a case of a 63-year-old African-American woman who presented as a transfer to our hospital facility with acute hypoxic respiratory failure. She was already intubated and mechanically ventilated prior to her transfer. She had a one-week history of shortness of breath and cough productive of white, blood-tinged sputum. A two-day history of diarrhea was also reported before admission to the other hospital where she stayed for a week before transfer to our intensive care unit. She had no significant past medical history and was unvaccinated for COVID-19, and was suspected to be infected with the Delta strain of COVID-19. Her primary diagnosis at admission was COVID pneumonia and acute hypoxic respiratory failure. Her condition worsened over a period of one week. Chest X-Ray, at the time of arrival, showed bilateral patchy opacities consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia. After an extensive review of her labs and reports, the patient was attributed to be at a high risk for acute decompensation (or catastrophically ill), thus requiring critical care management. Over a course of 12 days, she was aggressively treated with antibiotics, steroids, remdesivir and tocilizumab. Her condition gradually deteriorated and she eventually passed away. It can be noted that most of the severe cases, especially ICU admissions, comprise people who are unvaccinated. We can safely conclude that although vaccination may not prevent re-infection, it does result in better clinical outcomes. Cureus 2021-10-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8572535/ /pubmed/34765363 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.18603 Text en Copyright © 2021, Chohan et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
Chohan, Farah
Ishak, Angela
Alderette, Tyler
Rad, Pedram
Michel, George
Clinical Presentation of a COVID-19 Delta Variant Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
title Clinical Presentation of a COVID-19 Delta Variant Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
title_full Clinical Presentation of a COVID-19 Delta Variant Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
title_fullStr Clinical Presentation of a COVID-19 Delta Variant Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Presentation of a COVID-19 Delta Variant Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
title_short Clinical Presentation of a COVID-19 Delta Variant Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
title_sort clinical presentation of a covid-19 delta variant patient: case report and literature review
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8572535/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34765363
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.18603
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