Effects of citral on serum antioxidant status and liver genes expressions of paraoxonase 1 and nitric oxide synthase in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: Citral (C(10)H(16)O) is the main ingredient of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass oil) and can reduce the side effects of oxidative stress. Diabetes caused by insulin deficiency induces oxidative stress in the liver. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of citral on selected oxidative parameters and the gene expression of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Forty rats were divided into four groups at random: control (C), control citral (CC), and two STZ-induced diabetic groups (diabetic (D) and citral diabetic (CD)). After diabetes confirmation (day 7), gavage treatment with citral (300 mg/kg body weight (BW)) was started in the CD and CC groups and continued for two weeks. RESULTS: On day 21 of the study, following treatment with citral for 14 days, the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and PON1 in the CD group were significantly increased compared to those in the D group (P<0.05). While treatment with citral caused a significant decrease in the Malondialdehyde (MDA), and eNOS in the CD group compared to those of the D group (P<0.001). The expression rate of liver PON1 gene was considerably upregulated in the CD group compared to that in the D group (P<0.001); while the opposite was observed for eNOS gene expression. However, there was no significant difference between the CC and C groups in terms of all examined parameters (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed positive effects of citral on serum antioxidant status and liver gene expression of PON1 and eNOS in diabetic rats.