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Improve Integration of In Vitro Biofilm Body of Knowledge to Support Clinical Breakthroughs in Surgical Site Infection

Prosthetics increase the risk of deep surgical site infections in procedures intended to restore function. In orthopaedics, prosthetic joint infections can lead to repetitive surgeries, amputation, or worse. Biofilm formation both in vitro and in vivo involves stages of attachment, accumulation, and...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Irwin, Stuart, Mackenzie, Brett Wagner, Matthews, Brya G, Williams, Dustin L, Cornish, Jillian, Swift, Simon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8575432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34748523
http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-20-00217
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author Irwin, Stuart
Mackenzie, Brett Wagner
Matthews, Brya G
Williams, Dustin L
Cornish, Jillian
Swift, Simon
author_facet Irwin, Stuart
Mackenzie, Brett Wagner
Matthews, Brya G
Williams, Dustin L
Cornish, Jillian
Swift, Simon
author_sort Irwin, Stuart
collection PubMed
description Prosthetics increase the risk of deep surgical site infections in procedures intended to restore function. In orthopaedics, prosthetic joint infections can lead to repetitive surgeries, amputation, or worse. Biofilm formation both in vitro and in vivo involves stages of attachment, accumulation, and maturation. The level of maturation affects susceptibility to antibiotics, the immune system, and the success of surgical interventions. A review of the literature indicates that orthopedic publications are less likely to mention biofilm. We have reviewed animal models of infection to assess in vivo models of prosthetic infection. Although most prosthetic infections seem to originate from local skin microbiota, clinically representative biofilm inocula are unusual. Biofilm-related end points are more widely adopted, but studies rarely include both quantification of adherent microbial burden and imaging of the in vivo biofilm. Failure to differentiate between planktonic and biofilm infections can skew research away from needed chronic disease models. In this review, we address prosthetic joint infections as an important model for chronic biofilm infection research, identify critical requirements for in vivo models of chronic infection, and propose that resistance to the terminology of biofilm research exists within both research and regulation, which could limit progress toward important orthopaedic targets.
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spelling pubmed-85754322021-11-10 Improve Integration of In Vitro Biofilm Body of Knowledge to Support Clinical Breakthroughs in Surgical Site Infection Irwin, Stuart Mackenzie, Brett Wagner Matthews, Brya G Williams, Dustin L Cornish, Jillian Swift, Simon J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev Review Article Prosthetics increase the risk of deep surgical site infections in procedures intended to restore function. In orthopaedics, prosthetic joint infections can lead to repetitive surgeries, amputation, or worse. Biofilm formation both in vitro and in vivo involves stages of attachment, accumulation, and maturation. The level of maturation affects susceptibility to antibiotics, the immune system, and the success of surgical interventions. A review of the literature indicates that orthopedic publications are less likely to mention biofilm. We have reviewed animal models of infection to assess in vivo models of prosthetic infection. Although most prosthetic infections seem to originate from local skin microbiota, clinically representative biofilm inocula are unusual. Biofilm-related end points are more widely adopted, but studies rarely include both quantification of adherent microbial burden and imaging of the in vivo biofilm. Failure to differentiate between planktonic and biofilm infections can skew research away from needed chronic disease models. In this review, we address prosthetic joint infections as an important model for chronic biofilm infection research, identify critical requirements for in vivo models of chronic infection, and propose that resistance to the terminology of biofilm research exists within both research and regulation, which could limit progress toward important orthopaedic targets. Wolters Kluwer 2021-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8575432/ /pubmed/34748523 http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-20-00217 Text en Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Irwin, Stuart
Mackenzie, Brett Wagner
Matthews, Brya G
Williams, Dustin L
Cornish, Jillian
Swift, Simon
Improve Integration of In Vitro Biofilm Body of Knowledge to Support Clinical Breakthroughs in Surgical Site Infection
title Improve Integration of In Vitro Biofilm Body of Knowledge to Support Clinical Breakthroughs in Surgical Site Infection
title_full Improve Integration of In Vitro Biofilm Body of Knowledge to Support Clinical Breakthroughs in Surgical Site Infection
title_fullStr Improve Integration of In Vitro Biofilm Body of Knowledge to Support Clinical Breakthroughs in Surgical Site Infection
title_full_unstemmed Improve Integration of In Vitro Biofilm Body of Knowledge to Support Clinical Breakthroughs in Surgical Site Infection
title_short Improve Integration of In Vitro Biofilm Body of Knowledge to Support Clinical Breakthroughs in Surgical Site Infection
title_sort improve integration of in vitro biofilm body of knowledge to support clinical breakthroughs in surgical site infection
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8575432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34748523
http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-20-00217
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