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Functional Characterization of the Nep1-Like Protein Effectors of the Necrotrophic Pathogen – Alternaria brassicae

Alternaria brassicae is an important necrotrophic pathogen that infects the Brassicaceae family. A. brassicae, like other necrotrophs, also secretes various proteinaceous effectors and metabolites that cause cell death to establish itself in the host. However, there has been no systematic study of A...

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Autores principales: Duhan, Deepak, Gajbhiye, Shivani, Jaswal, Rajdeep, Singh, Ravindra Pal, Sharma, Tilak Raj, Rajarammohan, Sivasubramanian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8576325/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34764943
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.738617
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author Duhan, Deepak
Gajbhiye, Shivani
Jaswal, Rajdeep
Singh, Ravindra Pal
Sharma, Tilak Raj
Rajarammohan, Sivasubramanian
author_facet Duhan, Deepak
Gajbhiye, Shivani
Jaswal, Rajdeep
Singh, Ravindra Pal
Sharma, Tilak Raj
Rajarammohan, Sivasubramanian
author_sort Duhan, Deepak
collection PubMed
description Alternaria brassicae is an important necrotrophic pathogen that infects the Brassicaceae family. A. brassicae, like other necrotrophs, also secretes various proteinaceous effectors and metabolites that cause cell death to establish itself in the host. However, there has been no systematic study of A. brassicae effectors and their roles in pathogenesis. The availability of the genome sequence of A. brassicae in public domain has enabled the search for effectors and their functional characterization. Nep1-like proteins (NLPs) are a superfamily of proteins that induce necrosis and ethylene biosynthesis. They have been reported from a variety of microbes including bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. In this study, we identified two NLPs from A. brassicae viz. AbrNLP1 and AbrNLP2 and functionally characterized them. Although both AbrNLPs were found to be secretory in nature, they localized differentially inside the plant. AbrNLP2 was found to induce necrosis in both host and non-host species, while AbrNLP1 could not induce necrosis in both species. Additionally, AbrNLP2 was shown to induce pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity in both host and non-host species. Overall, our study indicates that AbrNLPs are functionally and spatially (subcellular location) distinct and may play different but important roles during the pathogenesis of A. brassicae.
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spelling pubmed-85763252021-11-10 Functional Characterization of the Nep1-Like Protein Effectors of the Necrotrophic Pathogen – Alternaria brassicae Duhan, Deepak Gajbhiye, Shivani Jaswal, Rajdeep Singh, Ravindra Pal Sharma, Tilak Raj Rajarammohan, Sivasubramanian Front Microbiol Microbiology Alternaria brassicae is an important necrotrophic pathogen that infects the Brassicaceae family. A. brassicae, like other necrotrophs, also secretes various proteinaceous effectors and metabolites that cause cell death to establish itself in the host. However, there has been no systematic study of A. brassicae effectors and their roles in pathogenesis. The availability of the genome sequence of A. brassicae in public domain has enabled the search for effectors and their functional characterization. Nep1-like proteins (NLPs) are a superfamily of proteins that induce necrosis and ethylene biosynthesis. They have been reported from a variety of microbes including bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. In this study, we identified two NLPs from A. brassicae viz. AbrNLP1 and AbrNLP2 and functionally characterized them. Although both AbrNLPs were found to be secretory in nature, they localized differentially inside the plant. AbrNLP2 was found to induce necrosis in both host and non-host species, while AbrNLP1 could not induce necrosis in both species. Additionally, AbrNLP2 was shown to induce pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity in both host and non-host species. Overall, our study indicates that AbrNLPs are functionally and spatially (subcellular location) distinct and may play different but important roles during the pathogenesis of A. brassicae. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8576325/ /pubmed/34764943 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.738617 Text en Copyright © 2021 Duhan, Gajbhiye, Jaswal, Singh, Sharma and Rajarammohan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Duhan, Deepak
Gajbhiye, Shivani
Jaswal, Rajdeep
Singh, Ravindra Pal
Sharma, Tilak Raj
Rajarammohan, Sivasubramanian
Functional Characterization of the Nep1-Like Protein Effectors of the Necrotrophic Pathogen – Alternaria brassicae
title Functional Characterization of the Nep1-Like Protein Effectors of the Necrotrophic Pathogen – Alternaria brassicae
title_full Functional Characterization of the Nep1-Like Protein Effectors of the Necrotrophic Pathogen – Alternaria brassicae
title_fullStr Functional Characterization of the Nep1-Like Protein Effectors of the Necrotrophic Pathogen – Alternaria brassicae
title_full_unstemmed Functional Characterization of the Nep1-Like Protein Effectors of the Necrotrophic Pathogen – Alternaria brassicae
title_short Functional Characterization of the Nep1-Like Protein Effectors of the Necrotrophic Pathogen – Alternaria brassicae
title_sort functional characterization of the nep1-like protein effectors of the necrotrophic pathogen – alternaria brassicae
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8576325/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34764943
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.738617
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