Analysis of Proteomic Characteristics of Peripheral Blood in Preeclampsia and Study of Changes in Fetal Arterial Doppler Parameters Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles

BACKGROUND: Traditional mass spectrometry detection methods have low detection efficiency for low-abundance proteins, thus limiting the application of proteomic analysis in the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Magnetic nanomaterials have good superparamagnetism and have obvious advantages in the field of biological separation and enrichment. AIM: The objective of this study is to explore the value of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the proteomic analysis of preeclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 42 patients and 40 normal pregnant women were selected in this study for analysis. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed to evaluate the function of these differential proteins. Proteomic analysis was used to analyze the differential proteins. Color Doppler ultrasound technology was used to detect changes in the blood flow of the fetal umbilical artery and cerebral artery. RESULTS: 16 differential proteins in the serum of pregnant women with preeclampsia and normal pregnant women were detected. The 16 proteins are mainly related to angiogenesis and endothelial function proteins, coagulation cascade proteins, placental growth factor, and so on. Biological function analysis revealed that these proteins are mainly enriched in the nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Moreover, our data suggested that compared with the fetus in the uterus of normal pregnant women, the umbilical artery S/D, PI, and RI of the fetus in preeclampsia were greatly increased, and the cerebral artery S/D, PI, and RI were greatly decreased. CONCLUSION: Biological function analysis revealed that 16 proteins are mainly enriched in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Compared with the normal group, the umbilical artery S/D, PI, and RI of the preeclampsia group were greatly increased, and the cerebral artery S/D, PI, and RI were all greatly reduced. Our findings provided a more comprehensive reference for us to study the mechanism of preeclampsia at the molecular level and also provide data support for the screening of relevant markers for early diagnosis of preeclampsia.