Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed
Although the seed is a key morphological innovation, its origin remains unknown and molecular data outside angiosperms is still limited. Ginkgo biloba, with a unique place in plant evolution, being one of the first extant gymnosperms where seeds evolved, can testify to the evolution and development...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8578549/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34754044 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01483-0 |
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author | Zumajo-Cardona, Cecilia Little, Damon P. Stevenson, Dennis Ambrose, Barbara A. |
author_facet | Zumajo-Cardona, Cecilia Little, Damon P. Stevenson, Dennis Ambrose, Barbara A. |
author_sort | Zumajo-Cardona, Cecilia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although the seed is a key morphological innovation, its origin remains unknown and molecular data outside angiosperms is still limited. Ginkgo biloba, with a unique place in plant evolution, being one of the first extant gymnosperms where seeds evolved, can testify to the evolution and development of the seed. Initially, to better understand the development of the ovules in Ginkgo biloba ovules, we performed spatio-temporal expression analyses in seeds at early developing stages, of six candidate gene homologues known in angiosperms: WUSCHEL, AINTEGUMENTA, BELL1, KANADI, UNICORN, and C3HDZip. Surprisingly, the expression patterns of most these ovule homologues indicate that they are not wholly conserved between angiosperms and Ginkgo biloba. Consistent with previous studies on early diverging seedless plant lineages, ferns, lycophytes, and bryophytes, many of these candidate genes are mainly expressed in mega- and micro-sporangia. Through in-depth comparative transcriptome analyses of Ginkgo biloba developing ovules, pollen cones, and megagametophytes we have been able to identify novel genes, likely involved in ovule development. Finally, our expression analyses support the synangial or neo-synangial hypotheses for the origin of the seed, where the sporangium developmental network was likely co-opted and restricted during integument evolution. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8578549 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85785492021-11-10 Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed Zumajo-Cardona, Cecilia Little, Damon P. Stevenson, Dennis Ambrose, Barbara A. Sci Rep Article Although the seed is a key morphological innovation, its origin remains unknown and molecular data outside angiosperms is still limited. Ginkgo biloba, with a unique place in plant evolution, being one of the first extant gymnosperms where seeds evolved, can testify to the evolution and development of the seed. Initially, to better understand the development of the ovules in Ginkgo biloba ovules, we performed spatio-temporal expression analyses in seeds at early developing stages, of six candidate gene homologues known in angiosperms: WUSCHEL, AINTEGUMENTA, BELL1, KANADI, UNICORN, and C3HDZip. Surprisingly, the expression patterns of most these ovule homologues indicate that they are not wholly conserved between angiosperms and Ginkgo biloba. Consistent with previous studies on early diverging seedless plant lineages, ferns, lycophytes, and bryophytes, many of these candidate genes are mainly expressed in mega- and micro-sporangia. Through in-depth comparative transcriptome analyses of Ginkgo biloba developing ovules, pollen cones, and megagametophytes we have been able to identify novel genes, likely involved in ovule development. Finally, our expression analyses support the synangial or neo-synangial hypotheses for the origin of the seed, where the sporangium developmental network was likely co-opted and restricted during integument evolution. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-11-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8578549/ /pubmed/34754044 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01483-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Zumajo-Cardona, Cecilia Little, Damon P. Stevenson, Dennis Ambrose, Barbara A. Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed |
title | Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed |
title_full | Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed |
title_fullStr | Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed |
title_full_unstemmed | Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed |
title_short | Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed |
title_sort | expression analyses in ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8578549/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34754044 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01483-0 |
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