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Structural Modeling on the Determinants of Effectiveness of SOPs Containing COVID-19 in Mass Gatherings
The study is aimed to analyze the determinants of the effectiveness of SOPs in mass gatherings for containing COVID-19. The overall design of the study involves a literature review, data collection by field survey, structural modeling, and analysis. The study is built on the experts' opinion of...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8578903/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34777157 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.755221 |
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author | Basit, Abdul Scholz, Miklas Niazi, Abdul Aziz Khan Qazi, Tehmina Fiaz Shaukat, Muhammad Zeeshan Rao, Zia-ur-Rehman Mahmood, Asif |
author_facet | Basit, Abdul Scholz, Miklas Niazi, Abdul Aziz Khan Qazi, Tehmina Fiaz Shaukat, Muhammad Zeeshan Rao, Zia-ur-Rehman Mahmood, Asif |
author_sort | Basit, Abdul |
collection | PubMed |
description | The study is aimed to analyze the determinants of the effectiveness of SOPs in mass gatherings for containing COVID-19. The overall design of the study involves a literature review, data collection by field survey, structural modeling, and analysis. The study is built on the experts' opinion of a focus group (representing people who recently participated in and are responsible for mass gatherings). The study uses the discussion of the literature review to identify the determinants, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) for developing and analyzing a structural model, and Matrice d'Impacts Croises Multiplication Appliquée a un Classement (MICMAC) for corroboration of results of the ISM/classification of determinants. From the literature review, a list of determinants is generated and verified by a panel of experts. The results of the ISM revealed that the determinants “legal environment of the country,” “practicability of SOPs,” “perceived benefit of adapting SOPs,” and “possibilities of avoiding gathering” occupied the top of the model, therefore, they are less critical determinants, whereas “nature of gathering” occupied the bottom of the model, and is thus the most critical determinant. The remaining determinants form the middle of the model, and are therefore moderately severe. The results of MICMAC show that the determinant “perceived benefit of adapting SOPs” is dependent, “nature of gathering” is independent, and all others are linked. The results of MICMAC implicitly substantiate the findings of the ISM. The overall results of the study show that “nature of gathering” is the key determinant. This research does not require a priori theory since it is a theory-building study that uses an inductive approach. It is based on real data and it is useful for local authorities, organizers, participants (attendees/visitors) of mass gatherings, health officials/regulators, researchers, and the community at large. This study has fundamental importance for planning and preparing for such events while ensuring the minimum risk of COVID-19 transmission. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8578903 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85789032021-11-11 Structural Modeling on the Determinants of Effectiveness of SOPs Containing COVID-19 in Mass Gatherings Basit, Abdul Scholz, Miklas Niazi, Abdul Aziz Khan Qazi, Tehmina Fiaz Shaukat, Muhammad Zeeshan Rao, Zia-ur-Rehman Mahmood, Asif Front Psychol Psychology The study is aimed to analyze the determinants of the effectiveness of SOPs in mass gatherings for containing COVID-19. The overall design of the study involves a literature review, data collection by field survey, structural modeling, and analysis. The study is built on the experts' opinion of a focus group (representing people who recently participated in and are responsible for mass gatherings). The study uses the discussion of the literature review to identify the determinants, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) for developing and analyzing a structural model, and Matrice d'Impacts Croises Multiplication Appliquée a un Classement (MICMAC) for corroboration of results of the ISM/classification of determinants. From the literature review, a list of determinants is generated and verified by a panel of experts. The results of the ISM revealed that the determinants “legal environment of the country,” “practicability of SOPs,” “perceived benefit of adapting SOPs,” and “possibilities of avoiding gathering” occupied the top of the model, therefore, they are less critical determinants, whereas “nature of gathering” occupied the bottom of the model, and is thus the most critical determinant. The remaining determinants form the middle of the model, and are therefore moderately severe. The results of MICMAC show that the determinant “perceived benefit of adapting SOPs” is dependent, “nature of gathering” is independent, and all others are linked. The results of MICMAC implicitly substantiate the findings of the ISM. The overall results of the study show that “nature of gathering” is the key determinant. This research does not require a priori theory since it is a theory-building study that uses an inductive approach. It is based on real data and it is useful for local authorities, organizers, participants (attendees/visitors) of mass gatherings, health officials/regulators, researchers, and the community at large. This study has fundamental importance for planning and preparing for such events while ensuring the minimum risk of COVID-19 transmission. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8578903/ /pubmed/34777157 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.755221 Text en Copyright © 2021 Basit, Scholz, Niazi, Qazi, Shaukat, Rao and Mahmood. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Basit, Abdul Scholz, Miklas Niazi, Abdul Aziz Khan Qazi, Tehmina Fiaz Shaukat, Muhammad Zeeshan Rao, Zia-ur-Rehman Mahmood, Asif Structural Modeling on the Determinants of Effectiveness of SOPs Containing COVID-19 in Mass Gatherings |
title | Structural Modeling on the Determinants of Effectiveness of SOPs Containing COVID-19 in Mass Gatherings |
title_full | Structural Modeling on the Determinants of Effectiveness of SOPs Containing COVID-19 in Mass Gatherings |
title_fullStr | Structural Modeling on the Determinants of Effectiveness of SOPs Containing COVID-19 in Mass Gatherings |
title_full_unstemmed | Structural Modeling on the Determinants of Effectiveness of SOPs Containing COVID-19 in Mass Gatherings |
title_short | Structural Modeling on the Determinants of Effectiveness of SOPs Containing COVID-19 in Mass Gatherings |
title_sort | structural modeling on the determinants of effectiveness of sops containing covid-19 in mass gatherings |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8578903/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34777157 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.755221 |
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