Cargando…
The Role of the Immune Microenvironment in Bone Regeneration
Bone is an active tissue, being constantly renewed in healthy individuals with participation of the immune system to a large extent. Any imbalance between the processes of bone formation and bone resorption is linked to various inflammatory bone diseases. The immune system plays an important role in...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Ivyspring International Publisher
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8579305/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34790042 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijms.61080 |
_version_ | 1784596414122164224 |
---|---|
author | Yang, Ning Liu, Yao |
author_facet | Yang, Ning Liu, Yao |
author_sort | Yang, Ning |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bone is an active tissue, being constantly renewed in healthy individuals with participation of the immune system to a large extent. Any imbalance between the processes of bone formation and bone resorption is linked to various inflammatory bone diseases. The immune system plays an important role in tissue formation and bone resorption. Recently, many studies have demonstrated complex interactions between the immune and skeletal systems. Both of immune cells and cytokines contribute to the regulation of bone homeostasis, and bone cells, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, also influence the cellular functions of immune cells. These crosstalk mechanisms between the bone and immune system finally emerged, forming a new field of research called osteoimmunology. Therefore, the immune microenvironment is crucial in determining the speed and outcome of bone healing, repair, and regeneration. In this review, we summarise the role of the immune microenvironment in bone regeneration from the aspects of immune cells and immune cytokines. The elucidation of immune mechanisms involved in the process of bone regeneration would provide new therapeutic targets for improving the curative effects of bone injury treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8579305 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Ivyspring International Publisher |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85793052021-11-16 The Role of the Immune Microenvironment in Bone Regeneration Yang, Ning Liu, Yao Int J Med Sci Review Bone is an active tissue, being constantly renewed in healthy individuals with participation of the immune system to a large extent. Any imbalance between the processes of bone formation and bone resorption is linked to various inflammatory bone diseases. The immune system plays an important role in tissue formation and bone resorption. Recently, many studies have demonstrated complex interactions between the immune and skeletal systems. Both of immune cells and cytokines contribute to the regulation of bone homeostasis, and bone cells, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, also influence the cellular functions of immune cells. These crosstalk mechanisms between the bone and immune system finally emerged, forming a new field of research called osteoimmunology. Therefore, the immune microenvironment is crucial in determining the speed and outcome of bone healing, repair, and regeneration. In this review, we summarise the role of the immune microenvironment in bone regeneration from the aspects of immune cells and immune cytokines. The elucidation of immune mechanisms involved in the process of bone regeneration would provide new therapeutic targets for improving the curative effects of bone injury treatment. Ivyspring International Publisher 2021-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8579305/ /pubmed/34790042 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijms.61080 Text en © The author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions. |
spellingShingle | Review Yang, Ning Liu, Yao The Role of the Immune Microenvironment in Bone Regeneration |
title | The Role of the Immune Microenvironment in Bone Regeneration |
title_full | The Role of the Immune Microenvironment in Bone Regeneration |
title_fullStr | The Role of the Immune Microenvironment in Bone Regeneration |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of the Immune Microenvironment in Bone Regeneration |
title_short | The Role of the Immune Microenvironment in Bone Regeneration |
title_sort | role of the immune microenvironment in bone regeneration |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8579305/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34790042 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijms.61080 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT yangning theroleoftheimmunemicroenvironmentinboneregeneration AT liuyao theroleoftheimmunemicroenvironmentinboneregeneration AT yangning roleoftheimmunemicroenvironmentinboneregeneration AT liuyao roleoftheimmunemicroenvironmentinboneregeneration |