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Ultrasound Sample Entropy Imaging: A New Approach for Evaluating Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis
Objective: Hepatic steatosis causes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and may progress to fibrosis. Ultrasound is the first-line approach to examining hepatic steatosis. Fatty droplets in the liver parenchyma alter ultrasound radiofrequency (RF) signal statistical properties. This study proposes usin...
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
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Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
IEEE
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8580366/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34786215 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JTEHM.2021.3124937 |
Sumario: | Objective: Hepatic steatosis causes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and may progress to fibrosis. Ultrasound is the first-line approach to examining hepatic steatosis. Fatty droplets in the liver parenchyma alter ultrasound radiofrequency (RF) signal statistical properties. This study proposes using sample entropy, a measure of irregularity in time-series data determined by the dimension [Formula: see text] and tolerance [Formula: see text] , for ultrasound parametric imaging of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Methods: Liver donors and patients were enrolled, and their hepatic fat fraction (HFF) ([Formula: see text]), steatosis grade ([Formula: see text]), and fibrosis score ([Formula: see text]) were measured to verify the results of sample entropy imaging using sliding-window processing of ultrasound RF data. Results: The sample entropy calculated using [Formula: see text] 4 and [Formula: see text] was highly correlated with the HFF when a small window with a side length of one pulse was used. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for detecting hepatic steatosis that was [Formula: see text] mild, [Formula: see text] moderate, and [Formula: see text] severe were 0.86, 0.90, and 0.88, respectively, and the area was 0.87 for detecting liver fibrosis in individuals with significant steatosis. Discussion/Conclusions: Ultrasound sample entropy imaging enables the identification of time-series patterns in RF signals received from the liver. The algorithmic scheme proposed in this study is compatible with general ultrasound pulse-echo systems, allowing clinical fibrosis risk evaluations of individuals with developing hepatic steatosis. |
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