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Functional and Structural Investigation of Chalcone Synthases Based on Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analysis on Flavonoids and Anthocyanins Biosynthesis of the Fern Cyclosorus parasiticus
The biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanidins has been exclusively investigated in angiosperms but largely unknown in ferns. This study integrated metabolomics and transcriptome to analyze the fronds from different development stages (S1 without spores and S2 with brown spores) of Cyclosorus par...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8580882/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34777436 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.757516 |
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author | Niu, Meng Fu, Jie Ni, Rong Xiong, Rui-Lin Zhu, Ting-Ting Lou, Hong-Xiang Zhang, Peng Li, Jianxu Cheng, Ai-Xia |
author_facet | Niu, Meng Fu, Jie Ni, Rong Xiong, Rui-Lin Zhu, Ting-Ting Lou, Hong-Xiang Zhang, Peng Li, Jianxu Cheng, Ai-Xia |
author_sort | Niu, Meng |
collection | PubMed |
description | The biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanidins has been exclusively investigated in angiosperms but largely unknown in ferns. This study integrated metabolomics and transcriptome to analyze the fronds from different development stages (S1 without spores and S2 with brown spores) of Cyclosorus parasiticus. About 221 flavonoid and anthocyanin metabolites were identified between S1 and S2. Transcriptome analysis revealed several genes encoding the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, and anthocyanins were upregulated in S2, which were validated by qRT-PCR. Functional characterization of two chalcone synthases (CpCHS1 and CpCHS2) indicated that CpCHS1 can catalyze the formation of pinocembrin, naringenin, and eriodictyol, respectively; however, CpCHS2 was inactive. The crystallization investigation of CpCHS1 indicated that it has a highly similar conformation and shares a similar general catalytic mechanism to other plants CHSs. And by site-directed mutagenesis, we found seven residues, especially Leu199 and Thr203 that are critical to the catalytic activity for CpCHS1. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8580882 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85808822021-11-12 Functional and Structural Investigation of Chalcone Synthases Based on Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analysis on Flavonoids and Anthocyanins Biosynthesis of the Fern Cyclosorus parasiticus Niu, Meng Fu, Jie Ni, Rong Xiong, Rui-Lin Zhu, Ting-Ting Lou, Hong-Xiang Zhang, Peng Li, Jianxu Cheng, Ai-Xia Front Plant Sci Plant Science The biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanidins has been exclusively investigated in angiosperms but largely unknown in ferns. This study integrated metabolomics and transcriptome to analyze the fronds from different development stages (S1 without spores and S2 with brown spores) of Cyclosorus parasiticus. About 221 flavonoid and anthocyanin metabolites were identified between S1 and S2. Transcriptome analysis revealed several genes encoding the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, and anthocyanins were upregulated in S2, which were validated by qRT-PCR. Functional characterization of two chalcone synthases (CpCHS1 and CpCHS2) indicated that CpCHS1 can catalyze the formation of pinocembrin, naringenin, and eriodictyol, respectively; however, CpCHS2 was inactive. The crystallization investigation of CpCHS1 indicated that it has a highly similar conformation and shares a similar general catalytic mechanism to other plants CHSs. And by site-directed mutagenesis, we found seven residues, especially Leu199 and Thr203 that are critical to the catalytic activity for CpCHS1. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8580882/ /pubmed/34777436 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.757516 Text en Copyright © 2021 Niu, Fu, Ni, Xiong, Zhu, Lou, Zhang, Li and Cheng. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Niu, Meng Fu, Jie Ni, Rong Xiong, Rui-Lin Zhu, Ting-Ting Lou, Hong-Xiang Zhang, Peng Li, Jianxu Cheng, Ai-Xia Functional and Structural Investigation of Chalcone Synthases Based on Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analysis on Flavonoids and Anthocyanins Biosynthesis of the Fern Cyclosorus parasiticus |
title | Functional and Structural Investigation of Chalcone Synthases Based on Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analysis on Flavonoids and Anthocyanins Biosynthesis of the Fern Cyclosorus parasiticus |
title_full | Functional and Structural Investigation of Chalcone Synthases Based on Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analysis on Flavonoids and Anthocyanins Biosynthesis of the Fern Cyclosorus parasiticus |
title_fullStr | Functional and Structural Investigation of Chalcone Synthases Based on Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analysis on Flavonoids and Anthocyanins Biosynthesis of the Fern Cyclosorus parasiticus |
title_full_unstemmed | Functional and Structural Investigation of Chalcone Synthases Based on Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analysis on Flavonoids and Anthocyanins Biosynthesis of the Fern Cyclosorus parasiticus |
title_short | Functional and Structural Investigation of Chalcone Synthases Based on Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analysis on Flavonoids and Anthocyanins Biosynthesis of the Fern Cyclosorus parasiticus |
title_sort | functional and structural investigation of chalcone synthases based on integrated metabolomics and transcriptome analysis on flavonoids and anthocyanins biosynthesis of the fern cyclosorus parasiticus |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8580882/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34777436 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.757516 |
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