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CAR T Cell Therapy’s Potential for Pediatric Brain Tumors
SIMPLE SUMMARY: T cells that are genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors constitute an effective new therapy with curative potential for patients with hematological tumors. The value of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in childhood brain tumors, the leading cause of cancer deat...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8582542/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34771608 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215445 |
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author | Thomas, Pauline Galopin, Natacha Bonérandi, Emma Clémenceau, Béatrice Fougeray, Sophie Birklé, Stéphane |
author_facet | Thomas, Pauline Galopin, Natacha Bonérandi, Emma Clémenceau, Béatrice Fougeray, Sophie Birklé, Stéphane |
author_sort | Thomas, Pauline |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: T cells that are genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors constitute an effective new therapy with curative potential for patients with hematological tumors. The value of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in childhood brain tumors, the leading cause of cancer death in children, is less clear. In this context, the main obstacles for these engineered T cells remain how to find them, allow them to infiltrate, and induce them to remain active in the tumor site. Here, we discuss recent progress in the field and examine future directions for realizing the potential of this therapy. ABSTRACT: Malignant central nervous system tumors are the leading cause of cancer death in children. Progress in high-throughput molecular techniques has increased the molecular understanding of these tumors, but the outcomes are still poor. Even when efficacious, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy cause neurologic and neurocognitive morbidity. Adoptive cell therapy with autologous CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T) has demonstrated remarkable remission rates in patients with relapsed refractory B cell malignancies. Unfortunately, tumor heterogeneity, the identification of appropriate target antigens, and location in a growing brain behind the blood–brain barrier within a specific suppressive immune microenvironment restrict the efficacy of this strategy in pediatric neuro-oncology. In addition, the vulnerability of the brain to unrepairable tissue damage raises important safety concerns. Recent preclinical findings, however, have provided a strong rationale for clinical trials of this approach in patients. Here, we examine the most important challenges associated with the development of CAR T cell immunotherapy and further present the latest preclinical strategies intending to optimize genetically engineered T cells’ efficiency and safety in the field of pediatric neuro-oncology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8582542 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85825422021-11-12 CAR T Cell Therapy’s Potential for Pediatric Brain Tumors Thomas, Pauline Galopin, Natacha Bonérandi, Emma Clémenceau, Béatrice Fougeray, Sophie Birklé, Stéphane Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: T cells that are genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors constitute an effective new therapy with curative potential for patients with hematological tumors. The value of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in childhood brain tumors, the leading cause of cancer death in children, is less clear. In this context, the main obstacles for these engineered T cells remain how to find them, allow them to infiltrate, and induce them to remain active in the tumor site. Here, we discuss recent progress in the field and examine future directions for realizing the potential of this therapy. ABSTRACT: Malignant central nervous system tumors are the leading cause of cancer death in children. Progress in high-throughput molecular techniques has increased the molecular understanding of these tumors, but the outcomes are still poor. Even when efficacious, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy cause neurologic and neurocognitive morbidity. Adoptive cell therapy with autologous CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T) has demonstrated remarkable remission rates in patients with relapsed refractory B cell malignancies. Unfortunately, tumor heterogeneity, the identification of appropriate target antigens, and location in a growing brain behind the blood–brain barrier within a specific suppressive immune microenvironment restrict the efficacy of this strategy in pediatric neuro-oncology. In addition, the vulnerability of the brain to unrepairable tissue damage raises important safety concerns. Recent preclinical findings, however, have provided a strong rationale for clinical trials of this approach in patients. Here, we examine the most important challenges associated with the development of CAR T cell immunotherapy and further present the latest preclinical strategies intending to optimize genetically engineered T cells’ efficiency and safety in the field of pediatric neuro-oncology. MDPI 2021-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8582542/ /pubmed/34771608 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215445 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Thomas, Pauline Galopin, Natacha Bonérandi, Emma Clémenceau, Béatrice Fougeray, Sophie Birklé, Stéphane CAR T Cell Therapy’s Potential for Pediatric Brain Tumors |
title | CAR T Cell Therapy’s Potential for Pediatric Brain Tumors |
title_full | CAR T Cell Therapy’s Potential for Pediatric Brain Tumors |
title_fullStr | CAR T Cell Therapy’s Potential for Pediatric Brain Tumors |
title_full_unstemmed | CAR T Cell Therapy’s Potential for Pediatric Brain Tumors |
title_short | CAR T Cell Therapy’s Potential for Pediatric Brain Tumors |
title_sort | car t cell therapy’s potential for pediatric brain tumors |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8582542/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34771608 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215445 |
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