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The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity

The intestinal barrier plays an extremely important role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the gut and the entire body. It is made up of an intricate system of cells, mucus and intestinal microbiota. A complex system of proteins allows the selective permeability of elements that are safe and...

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Autores principales: Serek, Paweł, Oleksy-Wawrzyniak, Monika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583036/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768787
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111359
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author Serek, Paweł
Oleksy-Wawrzyniak, Monika
author_facet Serek, Paweł
Oleksy-Wawrzyniak, Monika
author_sort Serek, Paweł
collection PubMed
description The intestinal barrier plays an extremely important role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the gut and the entire body. It is made up of an intricate system of cells, mucus and intestinal microbiota. A complex system of proteins allows the selective permeability of elements that are safe and necessary for the proper nutrition of the body. Disturbances in the tightness of this barrier result in the penetration of toxins and other harmful antigens into the system. Such events lead to various digestive tract dysfunctions, systemic infections, food intolerances and autoimmune diseases. Pathogenic and probiotic bacteria, and the compounds they secrete, undoubtedly affect the properties of the intestinal barrier. The discovery of zonulin, a protein with tight junction regulatory activity in the epithelia, sheds new light on the understanding of the role of the gut barrier in promoting health, as well as the formation of diseases. Coincidentally, there is an increasing number of reports on treatment methods that target gut microbiota, which suggests that the prevention of gut-barrier defects may be a viable approach for improving the condition of COVID-19 patients. Various bacteria–intestinal barrier interactions are the subject of this review, aiming to show the current state of knowledge on this topic and its potential therapeutic applications.
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spelling pubmed-85830362021-11-12 The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity Serek, Paweł Oleksy-Wawrzyniak, Monika Int J Mol Sci Review The intestinal barrier plays an extremely important role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the gut and the entire body. It is made up of an intricate system of cells, mucus and intestinal microbiota. A complex system of proteins allows the selective permeability of elements that are safe and necessary for the proper nutrition of the body. Disturbances in the tightness of this barrier result in the penetration of toxins and other harmful antigens into the system. Such events lead to various digestive tract dysfunctions, systemic infections, food intolerances and autoimmune diseases. Pathogenic and probiotic bacteria, and the compounds they secrete, undoubtedly affect the properties of the intestinal barrier. The discovery of zonulin, a protein with tight junction regulatory activity in the epithelia, sheds new light on the understanding of the role of the gut barrier in promoting health, as well as the formation of diseases. Coincidentally, there is an increasing number of reports on treatment methods that target gut microbiota, which suggests that the prevention of gut-barrier defects may be a viable approach for improving the condition of COVID-19 patients. Various bacteria–intestinal barrier interactions are the subject of this review, aiming to show the current state of knowledge on this topic and its potential therapeutic applications. MDPI 2021-10-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8583036/ /pubmed/34768787 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111359 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Serek, Paweł
Oleksy-Wawrzyniak, Monika
The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity
title The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity
title_full The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity
title_fullStr The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity
title_short The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity
title_sort effect of bacterial infections, probiotics and zonulin on intestinal barrier integrity
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583036/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768787
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111359
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