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The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity
The intestinal barrier plays an extremely important role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the gut and the entire body. It is made up of an intricate system of cells, mucus and intestinal microbiota. A complex system of proteins allows the selective permeability of elements that are safe and...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583036/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768787 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111359 |
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author | Serek, Paweł Oleksy-Wawrzyniak, Monika |
author_facet | Serek, Paweł Oleksy-Wawrzyniak, Monika |
author_sort | Serek, Paweł |
collection | PubMed |
description | The intestinal barrier plays an extremely important role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the gut and the entire body. It is made up of an intricate system of cells, mucus and intestinal microbiota. A complex system of proteins allows the selective permeability of elements that are safe and necessary for the proper nutrition of the body. Disturbances in the tightness of this barrier result in the penetration of toxins and other harmful antigens into the system. Such events lead to various digestive tract dysfunctions, systemic infections, food intolerances and autoimmune diseases. Pathogenic and probiotic bacteria, and the compounds they secrete, undoubtedly affect the properties of the intestinal barrier. The discovery of zonulin, a protein with tight junction regulatory activity in the epithelia, sheds new light on the understanding of the role of the gut barrier in promoting health, as well as the formation of diseases. Coincidentally, there is an increasing number of reports on treatment methods that target gut microbiota, which suggests that the prevention of gut-barrier defects may be a viable approach for improving the condition of COVID-19 patients. Various bacteria–intestinal barrier interactions are the subject of this review, aiming to show the current state of knowledge on this topic and its potential therapeutic applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8583036 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85830362021-11-12 The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity Serek, Paweł Oleksy-Wawrzyniak, Monika Int J Mol Sci Review The intestinal barrier plays an extremely important role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the gut and the entire body. It is made up of an intricate system of cells, mucus and intestinal microbiota. A complex system of proteins allows the selective permeability of elements that are safe and necessary for the proper nutrition of the body. Disturbances in the tightness of this barrier result in the penetration of toxins and other harmful antigens into the system. Such events lead to various digestive tract dysfunctions, systemic infections, food intolerances and autoimmune diseases. Pathogenic and probiotic bacteria, and the compounds they secrete, undoubtedly affect the properties of the intestinal barrier. The discovery of zonulin, a protein with tight junction regulatory activity in the epithelia, sheds new light on the understanding of the role of the gut barrier in promoting health, as well as the formation of diseases. Coincidentally, there is an increasing number of reports on treatment methods that target gut microbiota, which suggests that the prevention of gut-barrier defects may be a viable approach for improving the condition of COVID-19 patients. Various bacteria–intestinal barrier interactions are the subject of this review, aiming to show the current state of knowledge on this topic and its potential therapeutic applications. MDPI 2021-10-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8583036/ /pubmed/34768787 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111359 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Serek, Paweł Oleksy-Wawrzyniak, Monika The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity |
title | The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity |
title_full | The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity |
title_fullStr | The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity |
title_short | The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity |
title_sort | effect of bacterial infections, probiotics and zonulin on intestinal barrier integrity |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583036/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768787 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111359 |
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