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Gut microbiota: sculptors of the intestinal stem cell niche in health and inflammatory bowel disease

Intestinal epithelium represents a dynamic and diverse cellular system that continuously interacts with gut commensals and external cues. Intestinal stem cells, which lie at the heart of epithelial renewal and turnover, proliferate to maintain a steady stem cell population and differentiate to form...

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Autores principales: Markandey, Manasvini, Bajaj, Aditya, Ilott, Nicholas Edward, Kedia, Saurabh, Travis, Simon, Powrie, Fiona, Ahuja, Vineet
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583176/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34747326
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2021.1990827
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author Markandey, Manasvini
Bajaj, Aditya
Ilott, Nicholas Edward
Kedia, Saurabh
Travis, Simon
Powrie, Fiona
Ahuja, Vineet
author_facet Markandey, Manasvini
Bajaj, Aditya
Ilott, Nicholas Edward
Kedia, Saurabh
Travis, Simon
Powrie, Fiona
Ahuja, Vineet
author_sort Markandey, Manasvini
collection PubMed
description Intestinal epithelium represents a dynamic and diverse cellular system that continuously interacts with gut commensals and external cues. Intestinal stem cells, which lie at the heart of epithelial renewal and turnover, proliferate to maintain a steady stem cell population and differentiate to form functional epithelial cell types. This rather sophisticated assembly-line is maintained by an elaborate micro-environment, sculpted by a myriad of host and gut microbiota-derived signals, forming an intestinal stem cell niche. This complex, yet crucial signaling niche undergoes dynamic changes during homeostasis and chronic intestinal inflammation. Inflammatory bowel disease refers to a chronic inflammatory response toward pathogenic or commensal microbiota, in a genetically susceptible host. Compositional and functional alterations in gut microbiota are pathognomonic of IBD. The present review highlights the modulatory role of gut microbiota on the intestinal stem cell niche during homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. We discuss the mechanisms of direct action of gut commensals (through microbiota-derived or microbiota-influenced metabolites) on ISCs, followed by their effects via other epithelial and immune cell types.
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spelling pubmed-85831762021-11-12 Gut microbiota: sculptors of the intestinal stem cell niche in health and inflammatory bowel disease Markandey, Manasvini Bajaj, Aditya Ilott, Nicholas Edward Kedia, Saurabh Travis, Simon Powrie, Fiona Ahuja, Vineet Gut Microbes Review Intestinal epithelium represents a dynamic and diverse cellular system that continuously interacts with gut commensals and external cues. Intestinal stem cells, which lie at the heart of epithelial renewal and turnover, proliferate to maintain a steady stem cell population and differentiate to form functional epithelial cell types. This rather sophisticated assembly-line is maintained by an elaborate micro-environment, sculpted by a myriad of host and gut microbiota-derived signals, forming an intestinal stem cell niche. This complex, yet crucial signaling niche undergoes dynamic changes during homeostasis and chronic intestinal inflammation. Inflammatory bowel disease refers to a chronic inflammatory response toward pathogenic or commensal microbiota, in a genetically susceptible host. Compositional and functional alterations in gut microbiota are pathognomonic of IBD. The present review highlights the modulatory role of gut microbiota on the intestinal stem cell niche during homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. We discuss the mechanisms of direct action of gut commensals (through microbiota-derived or microbiota-influenced metabolites) on ISCs, followed by their effects via other epithelial and immune cell types. Taylor & Francis 2021-11-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8583176/ /pubmed/34747326 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2021.1990827 Text en © 2021 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Markandey, Manasvini
Bajaj, Aditya
Ilott, Nicholas Edward
Kedia, Saurabh
Travis, Simon
Powrie, Fiona
Ahuja, Vineet
Gut microbiota: sculptors of the intestinal stem cell niche in health and inflammatory bowel disease
title Gut microbiota: sculptors of the intestinal stem cell niche in health and inflammatory bowel disease
title_full Gut microbiota: sculptors of the intestinal stem cell niche in health and inflammatory bowel disease
title_fullStr Gut microbiota: sculptors of the intestinal stem cell niche in health and inflammatory bowel disease
title_full_unstemmed Gut microbiota: sculptors of the intestinal stem cell niche in health and inflammatory bowel disease
title_short Gut microbiota: sculptors of the intestinal stem cell niche in health and inflammatory bowel disease
title_sort gut microbiota: sculptors of the intestinal stem cell niche in health and inflammatory bowel disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583176/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34747326
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2021.1990827
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