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Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes
Visual skills in sport are considered relevant variables of athletic performance. However, data on the specific contribution of stereopsis—as the ability to perceive depth—in sport performance are still scarce and scattered in the literature. The aim of this review is therefore to take stock of the...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583573/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769799 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111281 |
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author | Presta, Valentina Vitale, Costanza Ambrosini, Luca Gobbi, Giuliana |
author_facet | Presta, Valentina Vitale, Costanza Ambrosini, Luca Gobbi, Giuliana |
author_sort | Presta, Valentina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Visual skills in sport are considered relevant variables of athletic performance. However, data on the specific contribution of stereopsis—as the ability to perceive depth—in sport performance are still scarce and scattered in the literature. The aim of this review is therefore to take stock of the effects of stereopsis on the athletic performance, also looking at the training tools to improve visual abilities and potential differences in the visuomotor integration processes of professional and non-professional athletes. Dynamic stereopsis is mainly involved in catching or interceptive actions of ball sports, whereas strategic sports use different visual skills (peripheral and spatial vision) due to the sport-specific requirements. As expected, professional athletes show better visual skills as compared to non-professionals. However, both non-professional and professional athletes should train their visual skills by using sensory stations and light boards systems. Non-professional athletes use the visual inputs as the main method for programming motor gestures. In contrast, professional athletes integrate visual information with sport expertise, thus, they encode the match (or the athletic performance) through a more complex visuomotor integration system. Although studies on visual skills and stereopsis in sports still appear to be in their early stages, they show a large potential for both scientific knowledge and technical development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8583573 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85835732021-11-12 Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes Presta, Valentina Vitale, Costanza Ambrosini, Luca Gobbi, Giuliana Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Visual skills in sport are considered relevant variables of athletic performance. However, data on the specific contribution of stereopsis—as the ability to perceive depth—in sport performance are still scarce and scattered in the literature. The aim of this review is therefore to take stock of the effects of stereopsis on the athletic performance, also looking at the training tools to improve visual abilities and potential differences in the visuomotor integration processes of professional and non-professional athletes. Dynamic stereopsis is mainly involved in catching or interceptive actions of ball sports, whereas strategic sports use different visual skills (peripheral and spatial vision) due to the sport-specific requirements. As expected, professional athletes show better visual skills as compared to non-professionals. However, both non-professional and professional athletes should train their visual skills by using sensory stations and light boards systems. Non-professional athletes use the visual inputs as the main method for programming motor gestures. In contrast, professional athletes integrate visual information with sport expertise, thus, they encode the match (or the athletic performance) through a more complex visuomotor integration system. Although studies on visual skills and stereopsis in sports still appear to be in their early stages, they show a large potential for both scientific knowledge and technical development. MDPI 2021-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8583573/ /pubmed/34769799 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111281 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Presta, Valentina Vitale, Costanza Ambrosini, Luca Gobbi, Giuliana Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes |
title | Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes |
title_full | Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes |
title_fullStr | Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes |
title_full_unstemmed | Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes |
title_short | Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes |
title_sort | stereopsis in sports: visual skills and visuomotor integration models in professional and non-professional athletes |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583573/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769799 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111281 |
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