Cargando…
Corneal Lymphangiogenesis: Current Pathophysiological Understandings and Its Functional Role in Ocular Surface Disease
The cornea is a transparent and avascular tissue that plays a central role in light refraction and provides a physical barrier to the external environment. Corneal avascularity is a unique histological feature that distinguishes it from the other parts of the body. Functionally, corneal immune privi...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583961/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769057 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111628 |
_version_ | 1784597330401427456 |
---|---|
author | Lee, Hyung-Keun Lee, Sang-Mok Lee, Dong-Ihll |
author_facet | Lee, Hyung-Keun Lee, Sang-Mok Lee, Dong-Ihll |
author_sort | Lee, Hyung-Keun |
collection | PubMed |
description | The cornea is a transparent and avascular tissue that plays a central role in light refraction and provides a physical barrier to the external environment. Corneal avascularity is a unique histological feature that distinguishes it from the other parts of the body. Functionally, corneal immune privilege critically relies on corneal avascularity. Corneal lymphangiogenesis is now recognized as a general pathological feature in many pathologies, including dry eye disease (DED), corneal allograft rejection, ocular allergy, bacterial and viral keratitis, and transient corneal edema. Currently, sizable data from clinical and basic research have accumulated on the pathogenesis and functional role of ocular lymphangiogenesis. However, because of the invisibility of lymphatic vessels, ocular lymphangiogenesis has not been studied as much as hemangiogenesis. We reviewed the basic mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis and summarized recent advances in the pathogenesis of ocular lymphangiogenesis, focusing on corneal allograft rejection and DED. In addition, we discuss future directions for lymphangiogenesis research. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8583961 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85839612021-11-12 Corneal Lymphangiogenesis: Current Pathophysiological Understandings and Its Functional Role in Ocular Surface Disease Lee, Hyung-Keun Lee, Sang-Mok Lee, Dong-Ihll Int J Mol Sci Review The cornea is a transparent and avascular tissue that plays a central role in light refraction and provides a physical barrier to the external environment. Corneal avascularity is a unique histological feature that distinguishes it from the other parts of the body. Functionally, corneal immune privilege critically relies on corneal avascularity. Corneal lymphangiogenesis is now recognized as a general pathological feature in many pathologies, including dry eye disease (DED), corneal allograft rejection, ocular allergy, bacterial and viral keratitis, and transient corneal edema. Currently, sizable data from clinical and basic research have accumulated on the pathogenesis and functional role of ocular lymphangiogenesis. However, because of the invisibility of lymphatic vessels, ocular lymphangiogenesis has not been studied as much as hemangiogenesis. We reviewed the basic mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis and summarized recent advances in the pathogenesis of ocular lymphangiogenesis, focusing on corneal allograft rejection and DED. In addition, we discuss future directions for lymphangiogenesis research. MDPI 2021-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8583961/ /pubmed/34769057 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111628 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Lee, Hyung-Keun Lee, Sang-Mok Lee, Dong-Ihll Corneal Lymphangiogenesis: Current Pathophysiological Understandings and Its Functional Role in Ocular Surface Disease |
title | Corneal Lymphangiogenesis: Current Pathophysiological Understandings and Its Functional Role in Ocular Surface Disease |
title_full | Corneal Lymphangiogenesis: Current Pathophysiological Understandings and Its Functional Role in Ocular Surface Disease |
title_fullStr | Corneal Lymphangiogenesis: Current Pathophysiological Understandings and Its Functional Role in Ocular Surface Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Corneal Lymphangiogenesis: Current Pathophysiological Understandings and Its Functional Role in Ocular Surface Disease |
title_short | Corneal Lymphangiogenesis: Current Pathophysiological Understandings and Its Functional Role in Ocular Surface Disease |
title_sort | corneal lymphangiogenesis: current pathophysiological understandings and its functional role in ocular surface disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583961/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769057 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111628 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT leehyungkeun corneallymphangiogenesiscurrentpathophysiologicalunderstandingsanditsfunctionalroleinocularsurfacedisease AT leesangmok corneallymphangiogenesiscurrentpathophysiologicalunderstandingsanditsfunctionalroleinocularsurfacedisease AT leedongihll corneallymphangiogenesiscurrentpathophysiologicalunderstandingsanditsfunctionalroleinocularsurfacedisease |