Emphysematous Cystitis in a Patient Receiving Cyclophosphamide

Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a form of complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) well described in patients with diabetes. Other known risk factors include urinary tract obstruction, older age, and female gender. This case describes a patient who developed emphysematous cystitis while receiving induction therapy with intravenous cyclophosphamide to treat antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis that presented with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). The association between cyclophosphamide therapy and emphysematous cystitis has only been reported twice in literature.