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The Evolutionary History of Vertebrate Adhesion GPCRs and Its Implication on Their Classification
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) form a structurally separate class of GPCRs with an unresolved evolutionary history and classification. Based on phylogenetic relations of human aGPCRs, nine families (A–G, L, V) were distinguished. Taking advantage of available genome data, we determine...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584163/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769233 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111803 |
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author | Wittlake, Aline Prömel, Simone Schöneberg, Torsten |
author_facet | Wittlake, Aline Prömel, Simone Schöneberg, Torsten |
author_sort | Wittlake, Aline |
collection | PubMed |
description | Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) form a structurally separate class of GPCRs with an unresolved evolutionary history and classification. Based on phylogenetic relations of human aGPCRs, nine families (A–G, L, V) were distinguished. Taking advantage of available genome data, we determined the aGPCR repertoires in all vertebrate classes. Although most aGPCR families show a high numerical stability in vertebrate genomes, the full repertoire of family E, F, and G members appeared only after the fish–tetrapod split. We did not find any evidence for new aGPCR families in vertebrates which are not present in the human genome. Based on ortholog sequence alignments, selection analysis clearly indicated two types of tetrapod aGPCRs: (i) aGPCR under strong purifying selection in tetrapod evolution (families A, B, D, L, V); and (ii) aGPCR with signatures of positive selection in some tetrapod linages (families C, E, G, F). The alignments of aGPCRs also allowed for a revised definition of reference positions within the seven-transmembrane-helix domain (relative position numbering scheme). Based on our phylogenetic cluster analysis, we suggest a revised nomenclature of aGPCRs including their transcript variants. Herein, the former families E and L are combined to one family (L) and GPR128/ADGRG7 forms a separate family (E). Furthermore, our analyses provide valuable information about the (patho)physiological relevance of individual aGPCR members. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8584163 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85841632021-11-12 The Evolutionary History of Vertebrate Adhesion GPCRs and Its Implication on Their Classification Wittlake, Aline Prömel, Simone Schöneberg, Torsten Int J Mol Sci Article Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) form a structurally separate class of GPCRs with an unresolved evolutionary history and classification. Based on phylogenetic relations of human aGPCRs, nine families (A–G, L, V) were distinguished. Taking advantage of available genome data, we determined the aGPCR repertoires in all vertebrate classes. Although most aGPCR families show a high numerical stability in vertebrate genomes, the full repertoire of family E, F, and G members appeared only after the fish–tetrapod split. We did not find any evidence for new aGPCR families in vertebrates which are not present in the human genome. Based on ortholog sequence alignments, selection analysis clearly indicated two types of tetrapod aGPCRs: (i) aGPCR under strong purifying selection in tetrapod evolution (families A, B, D, L, V); and (ii) aGPCR with signatures of positive selection in some tetrapod linages (families C, E, G, F). The alignments of aGPCRs also allowed for a revised definition of reference positions within the seven-transmembrane-helix domain (relative position numbering scheme). Based on our phylogenetic cluster analysis, we suggest a revised nomenclature of aGPCRs including their transcript variants. Herein, the former families E and L are combined to one family (L) and GPR128/ADGRG7 forms a separate family (E). Furthermore, our analyses provide valuable information about the (patho)physiological relevance of individual aGPCR members. MDPI 2021-10-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8584163/ /pubmed/34769233 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111803 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wittlake, Aline Prömel, Simone Schöneberg, Torsten The Evolutionary History of Vertebrate Adhesion GPCRs and Its Implication on Their Classification |
title | The Evolutionary History of Vertebrate Adhesion GPCRs and Its Implication on Their Classification |
title_full | The Evolutionary History of Vertebrate Adhesion GPCRs and Its Implication on Their Classification |
title_fullStr | The Evolutionary History of Vertebrate Adhesion GPCRs and Its Implication on Their Classification |
title_full_unstemmed | The Evolutionary History of Vertebrate Adhesion GPCRs and Its Implication on Their Classification |
title_short | The Evolutionary History of Vertebrate Adhesion GPCRs and Its Implication on Their Classification |
title_sort | evolutionary history of vertebrate adhesion gpcrs and its implication on their classification |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584163/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769233 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111803 |
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