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Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation

The generation of new neurons in the adult brain is a currently accepted phenomenon. Over the past few decades, the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus have been described as the two main neurogenic niches. Neurogenic niches generate new neurons through an asymmetric division proce...

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Autores principales: Leal-Galicia, Perla, Chávez-Hernández, María Elena, Mata, Florencia, Mata-Luévanos, Jesús, Rodríguez-Serrano, Luis Miguel, Tapia-de-Jesús, Alejandro, Buenrostro-Jáuregui, Mario Humberto
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584254/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768919
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111489
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author Leal-Galicia, Perla
Chávez-Hernández, María Elena
Mata, Florencia
Mata-Luévanos, Jesús
Rodríguez-Serrano, Luis Miguel
Tapia-de-Jesús, Alejandro
Buenrostro-Jáuregui, Mario Humberto
author_facet Leal-Galicia, Perla
Chávez-Hernández, María Elena
Mata, Florencia
Mata-Luévanos, Jesús
Rodríguez-Serrano, Luis Miguel
Tapia-de-Jesús, Alejandro
Buenrostro-Jáuregui, Mario Humberto
author_sort Leal-Galicia, Perla
collection PubMed
description The generation of new neurons in the adult brain is a currently accepted phenomenon. Over the past few decades, the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus have been described as the two main neurogenic niches. Neurogenic niches generate new neurons through an asymmetric division process involving several developmental steps. This process occurs throughout life in several species, including humans. These new neurons possess unique properties that contribute to the local circuitry. Despite several efforts, no other neurogenic zones have been observed in many years; the lack of observation is probably due to technical issues. However, in recent years, more brain niches have been described, once again breaking the current paradigms. Currently, a debate in the scientific community about new neurogenic areas of the brain, namely, human adult neurogenesis, is ongoing. Thus, several open questions regarding new neurogenic niches, as well as this phenomenon in adult humans, their functional relevance, and their mechanisms, remain to be answered. In this review, we discuss the literature and provide a compressive overview of the known neurogenic zones, traditional zones, and newly described zones. Additionally, we will review the regulatory roles of some molecular mechanisms, such as miRNAs, neurotrophic factors, and neurotrophins. We also join the debate on human adult neurogenesis, and we will identify similarities and differences in the literature and summarize the knowledge regarding these interesting topics.
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spelling pubmed-85842542021-11-12 Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation Leal-Galicia, Perla Chávez-Hernández, María Elena Mata, Florencia Mata-Luévanos, Jesús Rodríguez-Serrano, Luis Miguel Tapia-de-Jesús, Alejandro Buenrostro-Jáuregui, Mario Humberto Int J Mol Sci Review The generation of new neurons in the adult brain is a currently accepted phenomenon. Over the past few decades, the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus have been described as the two main neurogenic niches. Neurogenic niches generate new neurons through an asymmetric division process involving several developmental steps. This process occurs throughout life in several species, including humans. These new neurons possess unique properties that contribute to the local circuitry. Despite several efforts, no other neurogenic zones have been observed in many years; the lack of observation is probably due to technical issues. However, in recent years, more brain niches have been described, once again breaking the current paradigms. Currently, a debate in the scientific community about new neurogenic areas of the brain, namely, human adult neurogenesis, is ongoing. Thus, several open questions regarding new neurogenic niches, as well as this phenomenon in adult humans, their functional relevance, and their mechanisms, remain to be answered. In this review, we discuss the literature and provide a compressive overview of the known neurogenic zones, traditional zones, and newly described zones. Additionally, we will review the regulatory roles of some molecular mechanisms, such as miRNAs, neurotrophic factors, and neurotrophins. We also join the debate on human adult neurogenesis, and we will identify similarities and differences in the literature and summarize the knowledge regarding these interesting topics. MDPI 2021-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8584254/ /pubmed/34768919 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111489 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Leal-Galicia, Perla
Chávez-Hernández, María Elena
Mata, Florencia
Mata-Luévanos, Jesús
Rodríguez-Serrano, Luis Miguel
Tapia-de-Jesús, Alejandro
Buenrostro-Jáuregui, Mario Humberto
Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation
title Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation
title_full Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation
title_fullStr Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation
title_full_unstemmed Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation
title_short Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation
title_sort adult neurogenesis: a story ranging from controversial new neurogenic areas and human adult neurogenesis to molecular regulation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584254/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768919
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111489
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