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Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation
The generation of new neurons in the adult brain is a currently accepted phenomenon. Over the past few decades, the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus have been described as the two main neurogenic niches. Neurogenic niches generate new neurons through an asymmetric division proce...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584254/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768919 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111489 |
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author | Leal-Galicia, Perla Chávez-Hernández, María Elena Mata, Florencia Mata-Luévanos, Jesús Rodríguez-Serrano, Luis Miguel Tapia-de-Jesús, Alejandro Buenrostro-Jáuregui, Mario Humberto |
author_facet | Leal-Galicia, Perla Chávez-Hernández, María Elena Mata, Florencia Mata-Luévanos, Jesús Rodríguez-Serrano, Luis Miguel Tapia-de-Jesús, Alejandro Buenrostro-Jáuregui, Mario Humberto |
author_sort | Leal-Galicia, Perla |
collection | PubMed |
description | The generation of new neurons in the adult brain is a currently accepted phenomenon. Over the past few decades, the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus have been described as the two main neurogenic niches. Neurogenic niches generate new neurons through an asymmetric division process involving several developmental steps. This process occurs throughout life in several species, including humans. These new neurons possess unique properties that contribute to the local circuitry. Despite several efforts, no other neurogenic zones have been observed in many years; the lack of observation is probably due to technical issues. However, in recent years, more brain niches have been described, once again breaking the current paradigms. Currently, a debate in the scientific community about new neurogenic areas of the brain, namely, human adult neurogenesis, is ongoing. Thus, several open questions regarding new neurogenic niches, as well as this phenomenon in adult humans, their functional relevance, and their mechanisms, remain to be answered. In this review, we discuss the literature and provide a compressive overview of the known neurogenic zones, traditional zones, and newly described zones. Additionally, we will review the regulatory roles of some molecular mechanisms, such as miRNAs, neurotrophic factors, and neurotrophins. We also join the debate on human adult neurogenesis, and we will identify similarities and differences in the literature and summarize the knowledge regarding these interesting topics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8584254 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85842542021-11-12 Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation Leal-Galicia, Perla Chávez-Hernández, María Elena Mata, Florencia Mata-Luévanos, Jesús Rodríguez-Serrano, Luis Miguel Tapia-de-Jesús, Alejandro Buenrostro-Jáuregui, Mario Humberto Int J Mol Sci Review The generation of new neurons in the adult brain is a currently accepted phenomenon. Over the past few decades, the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus have been described as the two main neurogenic niches. Neurogenic niches generate new neurons through an asymmetric division process involving several developmental steps. This process occurs throughout life in several species, including humans. These new neurons possess unique properties that contribute to the local circuitry. Despite several efforts, no other neurogenic zones have been observed in many years; the lack of observation is probably due to technical issues. However, in recent years, more brain niches have been described, once again breaking the current paradigms. Currently, a debate in the scientific community about new neurogenic areas of the brain, namely, human adult neurogenesis, is ongoing. Thus, several open questions regarding new neurogenic niches, as well as this phenomenon in adult humans, their functional relevance, and their mechanisms, remain to be answered. In this review, we discuss the literature and provide a compressive overview of the known neurogenic zones, traditional zones, and newly described zones. Additionally, we will review the regulatory roles of some molecular mechanisms, such as miRNAs, neurotrophic factors, and neurotrophins. We also join the debate on human adult neurogenesis, and we will identify similarities and differences in the literature and summarize the knowledge regarding these interesting topics. MDPI 2021-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8584254/ /pubmed/34768919 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111489 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Leal-Galicia, Perla Chávez-Hernández, María Elena Mata, Florencia Mata-Luévanos, Jesús Rodríguez-Serrano, Luis Miguel Tapia-de-Jesús, Alejandro Buenrostro-Jáuregui, Mario Humberto Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation |
title | Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation |
title_full | Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation |
title_fullStr | Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation |
title_full_unstemmed | Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation |
title_short | Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation |
title_sort | adult neurogenesis: a story ranging from controversial new neurogenic areas and human adult neurogenesis to molecular regulation |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584254/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768919 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111489 |
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