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Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health

Human milk (HM) is considered the most complete food for infants as its nutritional composition is specifically designed to meet infant nutritional requirements during early life. HM also provides numerous biologically active components, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, milk fat globules, IgA, g...

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Autores principales: García-Ricobaraza, María, García-Santos, José Antonio, Escudero-Marín, Mireia, Diéguez, Estefanía, Cerdó, Tomás, Campoy, Cristina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584477/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769296
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111866
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author García-Ricobaraza, María
García-Santos, José Antonio
Escudero-Marín, Mireia
Diéguez, Estefanía
Cerdó, Tomás
Campoy, Cristina
author_facet García-Ricobaraza, María
García-Santos, José Antonio
Escudero-Marín, Mireia
Diéguez, Estefanía
Cerdó, Tomás
Campoy, Cristina
author_sort García-Ricobaraza, María
collection PubMed
description Human milk (HM) is considered the most complete food for infants as its nutritional composition is specifically designed to meet infant nutritional requirements during early life. HM also provides numerous biologically active components, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, milk fat globules, IgA, gangliosides or polyamines, among others; in addition, HM has a “bifidogenic effect”, a prebiotic effect, as a result of the low concentration of proteins and phosphates, as well as the presence of lactoferrin, lactose, nucleotides and oligosaccharides. Recently, has been a growing interest in HM as a potential source of probiotics and commensal bacteria to the infant gut, which might, in turn, influence both the gut colonization and maturation of infant immune system. Our review aims to address practical approaches to the detection of microbial communities in human breast milk samples, delving into their origin, composition and functions. Furthermore, we will summarize the current knowledge of how HM microbiota dysbiosis acts as a short- and long-term predictor of maternal and infant health. Finally, we also provide a critical view of the role of breast milk-related bacteria as a novel probiotic strategy in the prevention and treatment of maternal and offspring diseases.
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spelling pubmed-85844772021-11-12 Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health García-Ricobaraza, María García-Santos, José Antonio Escudero-Marín, Mireia Diéguez, Estefanía Cerdó, Tomás Campoy, Cristina Int J Mol Sci Review Human milk (HM) is considered the most complete food for infants as its nutritional composition is specifically designed to meet infant nutritional requirements during early life. HM also provides numerous biologically active components, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, milk fat globules, IgA, gangliosides or polyamines, among others; in addition, HM has a “bifidogenic effect”, a prebiotic effect, as a result of the low concentration of proteins and phosphates, as well as the presence of lactoferrin, lactose, nucleotides and oligosaccharides. Recently, has been a growing interest in HM as a potential source of probiotics and commensal bacteria to the infant gut, which might, in turn, influence both the gut colonization and maturation of infant immune system. Our review aims to address practical approaches to the detection of microbial communities in human breast milk samples, delving into their origin, composition and functions. Furthermore, we will summarize the current knowledge of how HM microbiota dysbiosis acts as a short- and long-term predictor of maternal and infant health. Finally, we also provide a critical view of the role of breast milk-related bacteria as a novel probiotic strategy in the prevention and treatment of maternal and offspring diseases. MDPI 2021-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8584477/ /pubmed/34769296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111866 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
García-Ricobaraza, María
García-Santos, José Antonio
Escudero-Marín, Mireia
Diéguez, Estefanía
Cerdó, Tomás
Campoy, Cristina
Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health
title Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health
title_full Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health
title_fullStr Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health
title_full_unstemmed Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health
title_short Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health
title_sort short- and long-term implications of human milk microbiota on maternal and child health
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584477/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769296
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111866
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