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Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health
Human milk (HM) is considered the most complete food for infants as its nutritional composition is specifically designed to meet infant nutritional requirements during early life. HM also provides numerous biologically active components, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, milk fat globules, IgA, g...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584477/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111866 |
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author | García-Ricobaraza, María García-Santos, José Antonio Escudero-Marín, Mireia Diéguez, Estefanía Cerdó, Tomás Campoy, Cristina |
author_facet | García-Ricobaraza, María García-Santos, José Antonio Escudero-Marín, Mireia Diéguez, Estefanía Cerdó, Tomás Campoy, Cristina |
author_sort | García-Ricobaraza, María |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human milk (HM) is considered the most complete food for infants as its nutritional composition is specifically designed to meet infant nutritional requirements during early life. HM also provides numerous biologically active components, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, milk fat globules, IgA, gangliosides or polyamines, among others; in addition, HM has a “bifidogenic effect”, a prebiotic effect, as a result of the low concentration of proteins and phosphates, as well as the presence of lactoferrin, lactose, nucleotides and oligosaccharides. Recently, has been a growing interest in HM as a potential source of probiotics and commensal bacteria to the infant gut, which might, in turn, influence both the gut colonization and maturation of infant immune system. Our review aims to address practical approaches to the detection of microbial communities in human breast milk samples, delving into their origin, composition and functions. Furthermore, we will summarize the current knowledge of how HM microbiota dysbiosis acts as a short- and long-term predictor of maternal and infant health. Finally, we also provide a critical view of the role of breast milk-related bacteria as a novel probiotic strategy in the prevention and treatment of maternal and offspring diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8584477 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85844772021-11-12 Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health García-Ricobaraza, María García-Santos, José Antonio Escudero-Marín, Mireia Diéguez, Estefanía Cerdó, Tomás Campoy, Cristina Int J Mol Sci Review Human milk (HM) is considered the most complete food for infants as its nutritional composition is specifically designed to meet infant nutritional requirements during early life. HM also provides numerous biologically active components, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, milk fat globules, IgA, gangliosides or polyamines, among others; in addition, HM has a “bifidogenic effect”, a prebiotic effect, as a result of the low concentration of proteins and phosphates, as well as the presence of lactoferrin, lactose, nucleotides and oligosaccharides. Recently, has been a growing interest in HM as a potential source of probiotics and commensal bacteria to the infant gut, which might, in turn, influence both the gut colonization and maturation of infant immune system. Our review aims to address practical approaches to the detection of microbial communities in human breast milk samples, delving into their origin, composition and functions. Furthermore, we will summarize the current knowledge of how HM microbiota dysbiosis acts as a short- and long-term predictor of maternal and infant health. Finally, we also provide a critical view of the role of breast milk-related bacteria as a novel probiotic strategy in the prevention and treatment of maternal and offspring diseases. MDPI 2021-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8584477/ /pubmed/34769296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111866 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review García-Ricobaraza, María García-Santos, José Antonio Escudero-Marín, Mireia Diéguez, Estefanía Cerdó, Tomás Campoy, Cristina Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health |
title | Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health |
title_full | Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health |
title_fullStr | Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health |
title_full_unstemmed | Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health |
title_short | Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health |
title_sort | short- and long-term implications of human milk microbiota on maternal and child health |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584477/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111866 |
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