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Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effects that psychological and physiological stressors have on indoor rock climbers, as well as to identify sex differences. Methods: 14 intermediate rock climbers participated in the study, 10 males and 4 females. Mean age was 31 ± 8 years for mal...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584542/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215013 |
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author | Villavicencio, Pamela Bravo, Cristina Ibarz, Antoni Solé, Silvia |
author_facet | Villavicencio, Pamela Bravo, Cristina Ibarz, Antoni Solé, Silvia |
author_sort | Villavicencio, Pamela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effects that psychological and physiological stressors have on indoor rock climbers, as well as to identify sex differences. Methods: 14 intermediate rock climbers participated in the study, 10 males and 4 females. Mean age was 31 ± 8 years for males and 21 ± 2 years for females. Day 1 consisted of test familiarization and baseline measurements. Day 2 included two test conditions, startle and fatigue, separated by 20 min. In the startle condition, participants had to lead climb a route, and a loud audio stimulus was presented near the top of the climb. In the fatigue condition, participants were required to climb as fast as they could until muscular failure. The competitive state anxiety inventory second review (CSAI-2R) questionnaire was used to assess somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence. The four-square step test (FSST) was used to assess motor control, and cortisol levels were acquired via passive drool (PD). Results: Cortisol concentrations were highest in the pre-startle condition (1.72 μg/dL ± 0.66), and values decreased post-startle (1.67 μg/dL ± 0.74) and post-fatigue (1.42 μg/dL ± 0.72). However, cortisol concentrations increased post-startle in females (1.57 μg/dL ± 0.96). Somatic anxiety in males was significantly higher post-startle (16.36 ± 5.54) than pre-startle (14.23 ± 5.09). Females had significantly higher somatic anxiety post-startle (18.00 ± 8.76), and they had lower self-confidence levels (30.00 ± 5.89) than males. Conclusions: There are differences in the way that males and females prepare and respond to stressful situations. Furthermore, time of day may have had a significant impact on cortisol concentrations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8584542 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85845422021-11-12 Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers Villavicencio, Pamela Bravo, Cristina Ibarz, Antoni Solé, Silvia J Clin Med Article Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effects that psychological and physiological stressors have on indoor rock climbers, as well as to identify sex differences. Methods: 14 intermediate rock climbers participated in the study, 10 males and 4 females. Mean age was 31 ± 8 years for males and 21 ± 2 years for females. Day 1 consisted of test familiarization and baseline measurements. Day 2 included two test conditions, startle and fatigue, separated by 20 min. In the startle condition, participants had to lead climb a route, and a loud audio stimulus was presented near the top of the climb. In the fatigue condition, participants were required to climb as fast as they could until muscular failure. The competitive state anxiety inventory second review (CSAI-2R) questionnaire was used to assess somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence. The four-square step test (FSST) was used to assess motor control, and cortisol levels were acquired via passive drool (PD). Results: Cortisol concentrations were highest in the pre-startle condition (1.72 μg/dL ± 0.66), and values decreased post-startle (1.67 μg/dL ± 0.74) and post-fatigue (1.42 μg/dL ± 0.72). However, cortisol concentrations increased post-startle in females (1.57 μg/dL ± 0.96). Somatic anxiety in males was significantly higher post-startle (16.36 ± 5.54) than pre-startle (14.23 ± 5.09). Females had significantly higher somatic anxiety post-startle (18.00 ± 8.76), and they had lower self-confidence levels (30.00 ± 5.89) than males. Conclusions: There are differences in the way that males and females prepare and respond to stressful situations. Furthermore, time of day may have had a significant impact on cortisol concentrations. MDPI 2021-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8584542/ /pubmed/34768532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215013 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Villavicencio, Pamela Bravo, Cristina Ibarz, Antoni Solé, Silvia Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers |
title | Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers |
title_full | Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers |
title_fullStr | Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers |
title_short | Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers |
title_sort | effects of acute psychological and physiological stress on rock climbers |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584542/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215013 |
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