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Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effects that psychological and physiological stressors have on indoor rock climbers, as well as to identify sex differences. Methods: 14 intermediate rock climbers participated in the study, 10 males and 4 females. Mean age was 31 ± 8 years for mal...

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Autores principales: Villavicencio, Pamela, Bravo, Cristina, Ibarz, Antoni, Solé, Silvia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584542/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768532
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215013
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author Villavicencio, Pamela
Bravo, Cristina
Ibarz, Antoni
Solé, Silvia
author_facet Villavicencio, Pamela
Bravo, Cristina
Ibarz, Antoni
Solé, Silvia
author_sort Villavicencio, Pamela
collection PubMed
description Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effects that psychological and physiological stressors have on indoor rock climbers, as well as to identify sex differences. Methods: 14 intermediate rock climbers participated in the study, 10 males and 4 females. Mean age was 31 ± 8 years for males and 21 ± 2 years for females. Day 1 consisted of test familiarization and baseline measurements. Day 2 included two test conditions, startle and fatigue, separated by 20 min. In the startle condition, participants had to lead climb a route, and a loud audio stimulus was presented near the top of the climb. In the fatigue condition, participants were required to climb as fast as they could until muscular failure. The competitive state anxiety inventory second review (CSAI-2R) questionnaire was used to assess somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence. The four-square step test (FSST) was used to assess motor control, and cortisol levels were acquired via passive drool (PD). Results: Cortisol concentrations were highest in the pre-startle condition (1.72 μg/dL ± 0.66), and values decreased post-startle (1.67 μg/dL ± 0.74) and post-fatigue (1.42 μg/dL ± 0.72). However, cortisol concentrations increased post-startle in females (1.57 μg/dL ± 0.96). Somatic anxiety in males was significantly higher post-startle (16.36 ± 5.54) than pre-startle (14.23 ± 5.09). Females had significantly higher somatic anxiety post-startle (18.00 ± 8.76), and they had lower self-confidence levels (30.00 ± 5.89) than males. Conclusions: There are differences in the way that males and females prepare and respond to stressful situations. Furthermore, time of day may have had a significant impact on cortisol concentrations.
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spelling pubmed-85845422021-11-12 Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers Villavicencio, Pamela Bravo, Cristina Ibarz, Antoni Solé, Silvia J Clin Med Article Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effects that psychological and physiological stressors have on indoor rock climbers, as well as to identify sex differences. Methods: 14 intermediate rock climbers participated in the study, 10 males and 4 females. Mean age was 31 ± 8 years for males and 21 ± 2 years for females. Day 1 consisted of test familiarization and baseline measurements. Day 2 included two test conditions, startle and fatigue, separated by 20 min. In the startle condition, participants had to lead climb a route, and a loud audio stimulus was presented near the top of the climb. In the fatigue condition, participants were required to climb as fast as they could until muscular failure. The competitive state anxiety inventory second review (CSAI-2R) questionnaire was used to assess somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence. The four-square step test (FSST) was used to assess motor control, and cortisol levels were acquired via passive drool (PD). Results: Cortisol concentrations were highest in the pre-startle condition (1.72 μg/dL ± 0.66), and values decreased post-startle (1.67 μg/dL ± 0.74) and post-fatigue (1.42 μg/dL ± 0.72). However, cortisol concentrations increased post-startle in females (1.57 μg/dL ± 0.96). Somatic anxiety in males was significantly higher post-startle (16.36 ± 5.54) than pre-startle (14.23 ± 5.09). Females had significantly higher somatic anxiety post-startle (18.00 ± 8.76), and they had lower self-confidence levels (30.00 ± 5.89) than males. Conclusions: There are differences in the way that males and females prepare and respond to stressful situations. Furthermore, time of day may have had a significant impact on cortisol concentrations. MDPI 2021-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8584542/ /pubmed/34768532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215013 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Villavicencio, Pamela
Bravo, Cristina
Ibarz, Antoni
Solé, Silvia
Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers
title Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers
title_full Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers
title_fullStr Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers
title_short Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers
title_sort effects of acute psychological and physiological stress on rock climbers
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584542/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768532
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215013
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