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Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer
In developed countries, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. Although cigarette smoking represents the principal risk factor for lung cancer in females, the higher proportion of this neoplasm among non-smoking women as compared with non-smoking men implies distinct...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584562/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769372 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111942 |
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author | Vavalà, Tiziana Catino, Annamaria Pizzutilo, Pamela Longo, Vito Galetta, Domenico |
author_facet | Vavalà, Tiziana Catino, Annamaria Pizzutilo, Pamela Longo, Vito Galetta, Domenico |
author_sort | Vavalà, Tiziana |
collection | PubMed |
description | In developed countries, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. Although cigarette smoking represents the principal risk factor for lung cancer in females, the higher proportion of this neoplasm among non-smoking women as compared with non-smoking men implies distinctive biological aspects between the two sexes. Gender differences depend not only on genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors but also on the immune system, and all these aspects are closely interconnected. In the last few years, it has been confirmed that the immune system plays a fundamental role in cancer evolution and response to oncological treatments, specifically immunotherapy, with documented distinctions between men and women. Consequently, in order to correctly assess cancer responses and disease control, considering only age and reproductive status, the results of studies conducted in female patients would probably not categorically apply to male patients and vice versa. The aim of this article is to review recent data about gender disparities in both healthy subjects’ immune system and lung cancer patients; furthermore, studies concerning gender differences in response to lung cancer immunotherapy are examined. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8584562 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85845622021-11-12 Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer Vavalà, Tiziana Catino, Annamaria Pizzutilo, Pamela Longo, Vito Galetta, Domenico Int J Mol Sci Review In developed countries, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. Although cigarette smoking represents the principal risk factor for lung cancer in females, the higher proportion of this neoplasm among non-smoking women as compared with non-smoking men implies distinctive biological aspects between the two sexes. Gender differences depend not only on genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors but also on the immune system, and all these aspects are closely interconnected. In the last few years, it has been confirmed that the immune system plays a fundamental role in cancer evolution and response to oncological treatments, specifically immunotherapy, with documented distinctions between men and women. Consequently, in order to correctly assess cancer responses and disease control, considering only age and reproductive status, the results of studies conducted in female patients would probably not categorically apply to male patients and vice versa. The aim of this article is to review recent data about gender disparities in both healthy subjects’ immune system and lung cancer patients; furthermore, studies concerning gender differences in response to lung cancer immunotherapy are examined. MDPI 2021-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8584562/ /pubmed/34769372 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111942 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Vavalà, Tiziana Catino, Annamaria Pizzutilo, Pamela Longo, Vito Galetta, Domenico Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer |
title | Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer |
title_full | Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer |
title_fullStr | Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer |
title_short | Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer |
title_sort | gender differences and immunotherapy outcome in advanced lung cancer |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584562/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769372 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111942 |
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