The Effect of Functionally Graded Materials on Temperature during Frictional Heating at Single Braking

A mathematical model for evaluation of the temperature mode of the disc–pad system during single braking is proposed. The model is based on the thermal problem of friction formulated for two semi-infinite bodies, compressed with pressure increasing over time while reducing the sliding velocity from the initial value to zero at the stop. The exact solution to this problem was obtained by means of Duhamel’s theorem. Validation of the solution was performed by achieving in special cases parameters of known solution to this problem with constant pressure and velocity (under uniform sliding). The results of the numerical calculations are presented for a selected friction pair, made of functionally graded materials with titanium alloy (disc) and aluminum alloy (pad) cores coated with ceramics graded toward friction surfaces. For the established values of the parameters such as the rise time in pressure and the FGM gradients, the ability to quickly obtain spatiotemporal temperature distributions in the disc and pad was presented. The influence of the variability of these parameters on the maximum temperature of the brake system was also investigated.