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Clinical and Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Staging of NAFLD

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic pathology in industrialized countries, affecting about 25% of the general population. NAFLD is a benign condition, however, it could evolve toward more serious diseases, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cir...

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Autores principales: Di Mauro, Stefania, Scamporrino, Alessandra, Filippello, Agnese, Di Pino, Antonino, Scicali, Roberto, Malaguarnera, Roberta, Purrello, Francesco, Piro, Salvatore
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8585051/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769333
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111905
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author Di Mauro, Stefania
Scamporrino, Alessandra
Filippello, Agnese
Di Pino, Antonino
Scicali, Roberto
Malaguarnera, Roberta
Purrello, Francesco
Piro, Salvatore
author_facet Di Mauro, Stefania
Scamporrino, Alessandra
Filippello, Agnese
Di Pino, Antonino
Scicali, Roberto
Malaguarnera, Roberta
Purrello, Francesco
Piro, Salvatore
author_sort Di Mauro, Stefania
collection PubMed
description Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic pathology in industrialized countries, affecting about 25% of the general population. NAFLD is a benign condition, however, it could evolve toward more serious diseases, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver biopsy is still the gold standard for NAFLD diagnosis. Due to the risks associated with liver biopsy and the impossibility to apply it on a large scale, it is now necessary to identify non-invasive biomarkers, which may reliably identify patients at higher risk of progression. Therefore, several lines of research have tried to address this issue by identifying novel biomarkers using omics approaches, including lipidomics, metabolomics and RNA molecules’ profiling. Thus, in this review, we firstly report the conventional biomarkers used in clinical practice for NAFL and NASH diagnosis as well as fibrosis staging, and secondly, we pay attention to novel biomarkers discovered through omics approaches with a particular focus on RNA biomarkers (microRNAs, long-noncoding RNAs), showing promising diagnostic performance for NAFL/NASH diagnosis and fibrosis staging.
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spelling pubmed-85850512021-11-12 Clinical and Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Staging of NAFLD Di Mauro, Stefania Scamporrino, Alessandra Filippello, Agnese Di Pino, Antonino Scicali, Roberto Malaguarnera, Roberta Purrello, Francesco Piro, Salvatore Int J Mol Sci Review Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic pathology in industrialized countries, affecting about 25% of the general population. NAFLD is a benign condition, however, it could evolve toward more serious diseases, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver biopsy is still the gold standard for NAFLD diagnosis. Due to the risks associated with liver biopsy and the impossibility to apply it on a large scale, it is now necessary to identify non-invasive biomarkers, which may reliably identify patients at higher risk of progression. Therefore, several lines of research have tried to address this issue by identifying novel biomarkers using omics approaches, including lipidomics, metabolomics and RNA molecules’ profiling. Thus, in this review, we firstly report the conventional biomarkers used in clinical practice for NAFL and NASH diagnosis as well as fibrosis staging, and secondly, we pay attention to novel biomarkers discovered through omics approaches with a particular focus on RNA biomarkers (microRNAs, long-noncoding RNAs), showing promising diagnostic performance for NAFL/NASH diagnosis and fibrosis staging. MDPI 2021-11-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8585051/ /pubmed/34769333 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111905 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Di Mauro, Stefania
Scamporrino, Alessandra
Filippello, Agnese
Di Pino, Antonino
Scicali, Roberto
Malaguarnera, Roberta
Purrello, Francesco
Piro, Salvatore
Clinical and Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Staging of NAFLD
title Clinical and Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Staging of NAFLD
title_full Clinical and Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Staging of NAFLD
title_fullStr Clinical and Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Staging of NAFLD
title_full_unstemmed Clinical and Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Staging of NAFLD
title_short Clinical and Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Staging of NAFLD
title_sort clinical and molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and staging of nafld
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8585051/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769333
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111905
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