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Taking the Wheel – de novo DNA Methylation as a Driving Force of Plant Embryonic Development

During plant embryogenesis, regardless of whether it begins with a fertilized egg cell (zygotic embryogenesis) or an induced somatic cell (somatic embryogenesis), significant epigenetic reprogramming occurs with the purpose of parental or vegetative transcript silencing and establishment of a next-g...

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Autores principales: Markulin, Lucija, Škiljaica, Andreja, Tokić, Mirta, Jagić, Mateja, Vuk, Tamara, Bauer, Nataša, Leljak Levanić, Dunja
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8585777/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34777448
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.764999
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author Markulin, Lucija
Škiljaica, Andreja
Tokić, Mirta
Jagić, Mateja
Vuk, Tamara
Bauer, Nataša
Leljak Levanić, Dunja
author_facet Markulin, Lucija
Škiljaica, Andreja
Tokić, Mirta
Jagić, Mateja
Vuk, Tamara
Bauer, Nataša
Leljak Levanić, Dunja
author_sort Markulin, Lucija
collection PubMed
description During plant embryogenesis, regardless of whether it begins with a fertilized egg cell (zygotic embryogenesis) or an induced somatic cell (somatic embryogenesis), significant epigenetic reprogramming occurs with the purpose of parental or vegetative transcript silencing and establishment of a next-generation epigenetic patterning. To ensure genome stability of a developing embryo, large-scale transposon silencing occurs by an RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway, which introduces methylation patterns de novo and as such potentially serves as a global mechanism of transcription control during developmental transitions. RdDM is controlled by a two-armed mechanism based around the activity of two RNA polymerases. While PolIV produces siRNAs accompanied by protein complexes comprising the methylation machinery, PolV produces lncRNA which guides the methylation machinery toward specific genomic locations. Recently, RdDM has been proposed as a dominant methylation mechanism during gamete formation and early embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana, overshadowing all other methylation mechanisms. Here, we bring an overview of current knowledge about different roles of DNA methylation with emphasis on RdDM during plant zygotic and somatic embryogenesis. Based on published chromatin immunoprecipitation data on PolV binding sites within the A. thaliana genome, we uncover groups of auxin metabolism, reproductive development and embryogenesis-related genes, and discuss possible roles of RdDM at the onset of early embryonic development via targeted methylation at sites involved in different embryogenesis-related developmental mechanisms.
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spelling pubmed-85857772021-11-13 Taking the Wheel – de novo DNA Methylation as a Driving Force of Plant Embryonic Development Markulin, Lucija Škiljaica, Andreja Tokić, Mirta Jagić, Mateja Vuk, Tamara Bauer, Nataša Leljak Levanić, Dunja Front Plant Sci Plant Science During plant embryogenesis, regardless of whether it begins with a fertilized egg cell (zygotic embryogenesis) or an induced somatic cell (somatic embryogenesis), significant epigenetic reprogramming occurs with the purpose of parental or vegetative transcript silencing and establishment of a next-generation epigenetic patterning. To ensure genome stability of a developing embryo, large-scale transposon silencing occurs by an RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway, which introduces methylation patterns de novo and as such potentially serves as a global mechanism of transcription control during developmental transitions. RdDM is controlled by a two-armed mechanism based around the activity of two RNA polymerases. While PolIV produces siRNAs accompanied by protein complexes comprising the methylation machinery, PolV produces lncRNA which guides the methylation machinery toward specific genomic locations. Recently, RdDM has been proposed as a dominant methylation mechanism during gamete formation and early embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana, overshadowing all other methylation mechanisms. Here, we bring an overview of current knowledge about different roles of DNA methylation with emphasis on RdDM during plant zygotic and somatic embryogenesis. Based on published chromatin immunoprecipitation data on PolV binding sites within the A. thaliana genome, we uncover groups of auxin metabolism, reproductive development and embryogenesis-related genes, and discuss possible roles of RdDM at the onset of early embryonic development via targeted methylation at sites involved in different embryogenesis-related developmental mechanisms. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8585777/ /pubmed/34777448 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.764999 Text en Copyright © 2021 Markulin, Škiljaica, Tokić, Jagić, Vuk, Bauer and Leljak Levanić. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Markulin, Lucija
Škiljaica, Andreja
Tokić, Mirta
Jagić, Mateja
Vuk, Tamara
Bauer, Nataša
Leljak Levanić, Dunja
Taking the Wheel – de novo DNA Methylation as a Driving Force of Plant Embryonic Development
title Taking the Wheel – de novo DNA Methylation as a Driving Force of Plant Embryonic Development
title_full Taking the Wheel – de novo DNA Methylation as a Driving Force of Plant Embryonic Development
title_fullStr Taking the Wheel – de novo DNA Methylation as a Driving Force of Plant Embryonic Development
title_full_unstemmed Taking the Wheel – de novo DNA Methylation as a Driving Force of Plant Embryonic Development
title_short Taking the Wheel – de novo DNA Methylation as a Driving Force of Plant Embryonic Development
title_sort taking the wheel – de novo dna methylation as a driving force of plant embryonic development
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8585777/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34777448
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.764999
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