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Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain

Intestinal nematode infections common during pregnancy have recently been shown to have impacts that extend to their uninfected offspring including altered brain gene expression. If maternal immune signals reach the neonatal brain, they might alter neuroimmune development. We explored expression of...

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Autores principales: El Ahdab, Nawal, Haque, Manjurul, Madogwe, Ejimedo, Koski, Kristine G., Scott, Marilyn E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8585879/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34764345
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01510-0
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author El Ahdab, Nawal
Haque, Manjurul
Madogwe, Ejimedo
Koski, Kristine G.
Scott, Marilyn E.
author_facet El Ahdab, Nawal
Haque, Manjurul
Madogwe, Ejimedo
Koski, Kristine G.
Scott, Marilyn E.
author_sort El Ahdab, Nawal
collection PubMed
description Intestinal nematode infections common during pregnancy have recently been shown to have impacts that extend to their uninfected offspring including altered brain gene expression. If maternal immune signals reach the neonatal brain, they might alter neuroimmune development. We explored expression of genes associated with four distinct types of T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) and with leukocyte transendothelial migration and endocytosis transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in the postnatal brain of offspring of nematode-infected mice, through secondary analysis of a whole brain gene expression database. Th1/Th17 expression was lowered by maternal infection as evidenced by down-regulated expression of IL1β, Th1 receptors and related proteins, and of IL22 and several Th17 genes associated with immunopathology. In contrast, Th2/Treg related pathways were upregulated as shown by higher expression of IL4 and TGF-β family genes. Maternal infection also upregulated expression of pathways and integrin genes involved in transport of leukocytes in between endothelial cells but downregulated endosome vesicle formation related genes that are necessary for endocytosis of immunoglobulins across the BBB. Taken together, pup brain gene expression indicates that maternal nematode infection enhanced movement of leukocytes across the neonatal BBB and promoted a Th2/Treg environment that presumably minimizes the proinflammatory Th1 response in the pup brain.
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spelling pubmed-85858792021-11-12 Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain El Ahdab, Nawal Haque, Manjurul Madogwe, Ejimedo Koski, Kristine G. Scott, Marilyn E. Sci Rep Article Intestinal nematode infections common during pregnancy have recently been shown to have impacts that extend to their uninfected offspring including altered brain gene expression. If maternal immune signals reach the neonatal brain, they might alter neuroimmune development. We explored expression of genes associated with four distinct types of T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) and with leukocyte transendothelial migration and endocytosis transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in the postnatal brain of offspring of nematode-infected mice, through secondary analysis of a whole brain gene expression database. Th1/Th17 expression was lowered by maternal infection as evidenced by down-regulated expression of IL1β, Th1 receptors and related proteins, and of IL22 and several Th17 genes associated with immunopathology. In contrast, Th2/Treg related pathways were upregulated as shown by higher expression of IL4 and TGF-β family genes. Maternal infection also upregulated expression of pathways and integrin genes involved in transport of leukocytes in between endothelial cells but downregulated endosome vesicle formation related genes that are necessary for endocytosis of immunoglobulins across the BBB. Taken together, pup brain gene expression indicates that maternal nematode infection enhanced movement of leukocytes across the neonatal BBB and promoted a Th2/Treg environment that presumably minimizes the proinflammatory Th1 response in the pup brain. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8585879/ /pubmed/34764345 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01510-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
El Ahdab, Nawal
Haque, Manjurul
Madogwe, Ejimedo
Koski, Kristine G.
Scott, Marilyn E.
Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
title Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
title_full Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
title_fullStr Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
title_full_unstemmed Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
title_short Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
title_sort maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of th2/treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8585879/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34764345
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01510-0
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