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Transcriptomic and Genetic Profiling of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

Early in the HIV pandemic, it became evident that people living with HIV (PLWH) develop a wide range of neurological and neurocognitive complications. Even after the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), which dramatically improved survival of PLWH, the overall number of people...

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Autores principales: Ojeda-Juárez, Daniel, Kaul, Marcus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8586712/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34778371
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.721954
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author Ojeda-Juárez, Daniel
Kaul, Marcus
author_facet Ojeda-Juárez, Daniel
Kaul, Marcus
author_sort Ojeda-Juárez, Daniel
collection PubMed
description Early in the HIV pandemic, it became evident that people living with HIV (PLWH) develop a wide range of neurological and neurocognitive complications. Even after the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), which dramatically improved survival of PLWH, the overall number of people living with some form of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) seemed to remain unchanged, although the incidence of dementia declined and questions about the incidence and diagnosis of the mildest form of HAND arose. To better understand this complex disease, several transcriptomic analyses have been conducted in autopsy samples, as well as in non-human primates and small animal rodent models. However, genetic studies in the HIV field have mostly focused on the genetic makeup of the immune system. Much less is known about the genetic underpinnings of HAND. Here, we provide a summary of reported transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in HAND, as well as some of the potential genetic underpinnings that have been linked to HAND, and discuss future directions with hurdles to overcome and angles that remain to be explored.
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spelling pubmed-85867122021-11-13 Transcriptomic and Genetic Profiling of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders Ojeda-Juárez, Daniel Kaul, Marcus Front Mol Biosci Molecular Biosciences Early in the HIV pandemic, it became evident that people living with HIV (PLWH) develop a wide range of neurological and neurocognitive complications. Even after the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), which dramatically improved survival of PLWH, the overall number of people living with some form of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) seemed to remain unchanged, although the incidence of dementia declined and questions about the incidence and diagnosis of the mildest form of HAND arose. To better understand this complex disease, several transcriptomic analyses have been conducted in autopsy samples, as well as in non-human primates and small animal rodent models. However, genetic studies in the HIV field have mostly focused on the genetic makeup of the immune system. Much less is known about the genetic underpinnings of HAND. Here, we provide a summary of reported transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in HAND, as well as some of the potential genetic underpinnings that have been linked to HAND, and discuss future directions with hurdles to overcome and angles that remain to be explored. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8586712/ /pubmed/34778371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.721954 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ojeda-Juárez and Kaul. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Molecular Biosciences
Ojeda-Juárez, Daniel
Kaul, Marcus
Transcriptomic and Genetic Profiling of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
title Transcriptomic and Genetic Profiling of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
title_full Transcriptomic and Genetic Profiling of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
title_fullStr Transcriptomic and Genetic Profiling of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptomic and Genetic Profiling of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
title_short Transcriptomic and Genetic Profiling of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
title_sort transcriptomic and genetic profiling of hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders
topic Molecular Biosciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8586712/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34778371
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.721954
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